PSY 101 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Current Lecture I. Critical thinkingCurrent Lecture-ESP and precognition: when you know something is going to happen before it happens-History of psychology:1. Intuition, thinking, logic2. Observation3. Psychological research, testing hypothesis-Process of psychology:1. Theory2. Descriptive research3. Correlational studies/experiments-Limits of intuition: how does intuition fail?-Hindsight bias: tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it-“I knew it all along”-Overconfidence: we tend to think we know more than we actually do -Detecting patterns in random data-Confirmation bias: we need to look for disproving evidence, not just approving evidence-Scientific attitude: intuition can often be wrong; we need to move beyond intuition to observation-Types of descriptive research:-Case study: one person is studied in depth in the hopes of revealing universal principles-Survey: ascertaining the self reported attitudes or behavior of people-Naturalistic observation: observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation-Using intuition and observation as a starting point-Theory: organize what we know about a phenomenon-Hypothesis: a testable prediction, after implied by a theory, agreed upon by (almost) all-Conducting research: -Operational definition: a statement of procedures (or operations) used to define research
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