PSY 223 1st edition Lecture 7 9 17 Outline of Last Lecture I Exam 1 Outline of Current Lecture II Understanding and Perceiving Others III Snap Judgments IV How We Perceive Others a Nonverbal behaviors b Nonverbal communication Current Lecture Understanding and Perceiving Others We often make snap judgments based on Physical features Expressions of emotion Many other identity cues clothes facebook posts etc usually wrong at first but helpful when deciding if someone is a danger to you or if you trust someone How good are snap judgments One way to answer question is to compare snap judgments with judgments that occur by others or with more time Found that high correspondence in snap judgments if short amount of time or long time to make judgment BUTTTTT doesn t prove that what you thought was right A second way to examine whether snap judgments actually match what people are like Here evidence is mixed Ex Have someone make a snap judgment after listening to a recording of someone else read and compare their judgment with the reader s intelligence score These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute One common way we make snap judgments depends on physical appearance Two major dimensions people judge from faces dominance and trustworthiness We also judge baby faced adults differently than mature faced adults Halo effect of physical attractiveness how attractive you are effects people s perceptions of you Good looking people have halo and everything about them must be good In the original study Dion et al took pictures from yearbooks and had people judge their attractiveness then took the attractive people and unattractive people and had other people judge them on different characterizes that demonstrated the what is beautiful is good stereotype found that attractive people are judged to have better features But there is a limit some negative judgments arrogance and vain and assumed that they wouldn t make as good of a parent more likely to have an affair People also have beliefs scripts about certain situations ranging from what to do at dinner for a first date Scripts influence perceptions We see what we expect to see We use scripts to help us explain causes of human behavior Perceptions based on nonverbal behaviors Nonverbal communication is the way people communication intentionally or unintentionally without words Nonverbal communication includes facial expressions tone of voice gestures body position and movement used of touch and eye gaze Nonverbal behavior may Repeat or complement verbal behavior Replace or be a substitute for verbal behavior just thumbs no words Contradict verbal behavior Facial Expressions revealing emotions Research has indicated there are 6 primary emotions recognized internationally 1 2 3 4 5 6 happiness fear sadness anger surprise disgust Decoding is not always accurate we don t think they are expressing the emotion that they actually are Why People display affect blends showing 2 different emotions in the same facial expression Context may be needed People sometimes try to suppress their emotional responses Certain people are better at decoding extroverts and women better Rules about expression can vary across cultures Gazing behavior powerful form of nonverbal communication Can communicate interest amount of love two people have for each other is correlates with amount of eye gaze But can also reflect dominance right before fighting We have difficulty detecting deception if someone is telling the truth or not We have truth bias think people should be telling the truth wouldn t be lying Mismatch between cues that signal deception and the ones that we used to detect deception we focus on words people are saying and facial expressions but we should be focusing on the voice and body movement The face is controllable and the words cannot be trust more under control