PSY 223 1st edition Lecture 28/25Outline of Last Lecture I. Intro to Social PsychologyOutline of Current Lecture II. History of Social Psychologya. Birth and Infancyi. First experimentsii. First textbooksb. 1930s-1950si. Kurt Lewinii. Muzafer Sherifc. 1950sd. 1960s & 1970se. 1970s-1990sf. Present dayCurrent LectureHistory of Social Psychology Birth and Infancy 1880s-1920s- First social psych experiments- First textbooks (w/ social psych on them)First Experiment: Triplett’s experiment (1887)o Bicyclists bicycled faster & children (when in lab) wound fishing reel fasters in presence of others. o Eventually referred to as social facilitation: occurs when in presence of others and doing tasko Easy task better when in front of others and difficult task better aloneRingelmann’s experiment (1880s/published 1913)o Found people perform worse on simple tasks such as pulling rope when pulling with otherso Eventually became known as social loafing: can’t tell own contributionsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.First textbook= An Introduction to Social PsychologyWilliam McDougall 1908Edward Ross 1908Floyd Allport 1924 ***most influentialA Call to Action 1930s-1950s- Hitler became a big deal—led to questions about violence, prejudice, obedience, etc.- Also, social psych fled from Europe to US, creating a critical mass- Society for Psychological Study of Social Issues formed 1936 by Gordon Allport- Kurt Lewin came around—considered founding father of modern experimental social psych. Came from Germany and made several research and theoretical contributionso Field theory= B=f(P+E) & interactionist perspective- Behavior is a function of person and environmento Applications of social psychology—no research without action and no action without research ***wanted people to make change and apply social psychology to real world problems***o Performed leadership and group studieso Produced many famous students- Muzafer Sherifo Examined influences of groups on memberso Demonstrated that it was possible to study complex processes (ex. Conformity) in a scientific way1950s-Theory Development-War-related research generated applied research-College growth provided jobs for social psychologists and large student populations to study-Government and business needed input from social psychologistsConfidence & the 1960s and 1970s- Time of expansion, productivity, and enthusiasm - New topics: self-perceptions, helping behaviors, aggression, attraction- Also time for criticism and debate. Lab experiments questioned (if valuable or ethical)A Time of Pluralism: 1970s-1990s- Many methods were now used (experiments, surveys, etc.)- Both “hot” and “cold” perspectiveo Hot=include emotions and motivationo Cold=cognition- Started looking internationally and at cultural perspectives- Looked at how social cognition is effective in relationshipsNew and Trendy (now)-Integration of hot and cold perspectives-Growing interest in distinguishing between automatic vs. controllable processes (ex. Stereotypes vs. ignoring them)-Biological and evolutionary perspectives—use twins to study why we are the way we are, look at why different traits die off, etc.-Other IDS approaches: behavioral economics & embodied