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ISU PSY 223 - Stereotypes
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PSY 223 1nd Edition Lecture 13Outline of Last Lecture I. Exam #2Outline of Current Lecture II. Stereotypesa. Development b. Influence on perceptionsc. Influence on interactionsIII. StigmatizationIV. How stereotypes endureCurrent Lecture10/13/14Stereotypes, Prejudice, and DiscriminationAll related and one leads to anotherThere can be stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination about almost any groupStereotypes: a generalization about a group of people; a belief that associated a group of people with certain traits-cognitive level-we tend to put people in categories and once you put people in a category, you make judgmentsabout that group which is a stereotype (social categorization)-may not even realize itThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.How we make stereotypes: history (Japanese are sneaky, men are more powerful than women, whites are racist)2 processes in the development of stereotypes (individually):Social categorization: sorting people into groups based on common attributesIn-group versus out-group attitude: contributes to in-group bias and out-group homogeneity effect-we all have an in-group (think about females vs. males. When female then that is your in-group and out-group is males)-in-group bias: you prefer your own group-out-group homogeneity effect: see differences in our own group but think out-group is all the same. (example: Asians—if not Asian may not see difference between Asians but you can see the distinctions if you are in the in-group)-People with social dominance orientation are more likely to see one’s own in-groups as dominant and promote self-interest—so there is variation of thisInfluence of stereotypes on perceptions- Perceivers are likely to see members of stereotyped groups as more similar to the stereotype than they actually are—if see an aggressive man (and you think men are aggressive) then ignore when you saw him being compassionate - Perceivers remember stereotype-consistent information about otherso Example: read description of football players and some was consistent (loud and drank) and some inconsistent (liked classical music) then were asked what they remembered and remembered what was consistentInfluence of stereotypes on interactionsInteractions can become awkward—operation of meta-stereotypes: think that someone has a stereotypeagainst you and perceive you in a certain way (they don’t like me because I’m gay) and they may not which makes interactions awkwardStigmatizationDefinition: being persistently stereotype, perceived as deviant, and devalued in society because membership in a particular social group of because of a particular characteristic (pg. 166 in text)Anyone can be a target of stigmatization but some individuals are major and relentless targets of these negative stereotypes and prejudice which can result in feeling devalued by society3 major types:Tribal stigmaAbominations of the bodyBlemishes of characterSome are visible while others aren’t—visible: mental disorder (downs syndrome) or concealable (like being a felon)Why do stereotypes endure (be maintained)?Several mechanisms involved…1. Illusory correlations: distinctiveness of a minority group member gets connected with a distinctive behaviora. Tendency to see relationships or correlations between events or traits that are actually unrelated or have only small associations (ex. Couple getting pregnant after adoption)2. Attributions: when person engages in behavior and you ask why they did thata. When an out-group member behaves:i. As we expected, we make disposition (internal) attributionsii. Inconsistent with our expectations, we may search for situations causes3. Subtypinga. When people encounter “expectations” to their stereotypes, they may create a new subtype for this exception (athletic grandma is the exception but old people are fragile)4. Confirmation biasesa. People interpret and seek information about a person in a stereotyped group that confirms their stereotypeb. This can lead to self-fulfilling prophecyMediaThe media (in various forms) contributes to maintenance of stereotypes2-step process in the activation of stereotypes1. Automatic processing: almost automatically, stereotypes are triggered by the presence of a stimulus2. Controlled processing: with awareness and control, you can choose to ignore the


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ISU PSY 223 - Stereotypes

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