PSY 223 1st edition Lecture 5 9/8Outline of Last Lecture I. Observations and ExperimentsOutline of Current Lecture II. The Selfa. Self-conceptIII. Sources of the self-concepta.Introspectionb.Self-perceptionc.Influences from other peopled.Autobiographical memoriese.CultureCurrent LectureThe SelfSelf is an important object of our attention Ex. Cocktail party effect—hear your name at party & focus in on who said itSelf-concept: sum of the total beliefs that people have about themselves**Recognizing self is necessary for self-concept; usually happens for humans 18-24 months)Social factors influence self-concept:- Cooley’s “looking glass self”—see yourself as others see youo Others serve as a mirror in which we see ourselvesSources of Self Concept- Introspection—self-knowledge through looking inward at one’s own thoughts and feelingsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Does not always lead to accurate self-knowledge because sometimes think too much and get confused about why you like somethingo Also we have problems predicting responses to future emotional events (affective forecasting)- Self-perception—people can learn things about themselves simply by watching own behavioro People learn about themselves though self-perception only when situation aloneseems insufficient to have caused their behavioro Facial Feedback Hypothesis: changes in facial expressions can lead to changes in the subjective experience of emotions (i.e. “if I am smiling I must be happy)o Self-Other Knowledge Asymmetry: we know ourselves better than others do when it comes to traits that are “internal” and hard to observe (optimism) but no self-other difference when it comes to traits that are “external” (messiness)o Also goes with motivation, intrinsic and extrinsic Overjustification effect: kids love to read then get book bucks, not just intrinsic anymore—getting reward for intrinsic motivation Lepper experiment=kids coloring when told they would get a certificate then no longer interested- Influences of other people—Cooley’s looking glass self: other people help us define ourselveso Social comparison theory: when uncertain about our abilities or opinions, we evaluate self through comparisons with similar otherso Two-factor theory of emotion: people turn to others to determine their emotions—physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation that explains sources of arousal Ex. Drug inducing experiment by singer- Autobiographical memorieso Essential for coherent self-concepto Often distort the past in ways that are self-inflated—better than we really wereo Older adults tend to remember adolescence and younger adulthood. We tend toremember transitional firsts- Cultureo Individualism vs. collectivismo Dialecticism: eastern system of thought that accepts the coexistence of contradictory characteristics within a single
View Full Document