PSY 223 1st edition Lecture 5 9 8 Outline of Last Lecture I Observations and Experiments Outline of Current Lecture II The Self a Self concept III Sources of the self concept a Introspection b Self perception c Influences from other people d Autobiographical memories e Culture Current Lecture The Self Self is an important object of our attention Ex Cocktail party effect hear your name at party focus in on who said it Self concept sum of the total beliefs that people have about themselves Recognizing self is necessary for self concept usually happens for humans 18 24 months Social factors influence self concept Cooley s looking glass self see yourself as others see you o Others serve as a mirror in which we see ourselves Sources of Self Concept Introspection self knowledge through looking inward at one s own thoughts and feelings These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute o Does not always lead to accurate self knowledge because sometimes think too much and get confused about why you like something o Also we have problems predicting responses to future emotional events affective forecasting Self perception people can learn things about themselves simply by watching own behavior o People learn about themselves though self perception only when situation alone seems insufficient to have caused their behavior o Facial Feedback Hypothesis changes in facial expressions can lead to changes in the subjective experience of emotions i e if I am smiling I must be happy o Self Other Knowledge Asymmetry we know ourselves better than others do when it comes to traits that are internal and hard to observe optimism but no self other difference when it comes to traits that are external messiness o Also goes with motivation intrinsic and extrinsic Overjustification effect kids love to read then get book bucks not just intrinsic anymore getting reward for intrinsic motivation Lepper experiment kids coloring when told they would get a certificate then no longer interested Influences of other people Cooley s looking glass self other people help us define ourselves o Social comparison theory when uncertain about our abilities or opinions we evaluate self through comparisons with similar others o Two factor theory of emotion people turn to others to determine their emotions physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation that explains sources of arousal Ex Drug inducing experiment by singer Autobiographical memories o Essential for coherent self concept o Often distort the past in ways that are self inflated better than we really were o Older adults tend to remember adolescence and younger adulthood We tend to remember transitional firsts Culture o Individualism vs collectivism o Dialecticism eastern system of thought that accepts the coexistence of contradictory characteristics within a single person
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