BIOL 101 1nd Edition Lecture 31 Outline of Last Lecture I Case Study II Components of Human Cardiovascular System a Arteries b Capillaries c Veins III Human Heart and Blood Flow Outline of Current Lecture I Case Study II Future Heart Attack III Wake up Call IV Pumping Pressure Health Current Lecture Class Discussion IV Case Study Wake up call Part 2 It appears that Denise has suffered mild heart trauma which may lead to a more severe heart attack if not treated A Has Denise suffered a heart attack Defend your answer below 1 Heart Attack damage or death of cardiac tissue One of the coronary arteries is blocked 2 cardiac arrest is the term used when the heart muscle literally stops pumping blood A heart attack may lead to cardiac arrest 3 Atherosclerosis paste hardness These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute B What can Denise do in the future to avoid having a heart attack BRAINSTORM 1 cholesterol a type of lipid necessary for synthesis of hormones vitamin D and bile is carried through the bloodstream by two main types of i high density lipoproteins or good fats cholesterol help prevent heart disease by transporting lipids and cholesterol from the arteries to the liver ii low density lipoproteins or bad fats cholesterol contain more fat and less protein are unstable and stick to artery walls to help contribute to plaque formation 2 Diagnostic tests blood pressure cholesterol measurements CRP the C reactive protein produced by the liver during episodes of inflammation V Case Study Wake up call Part 3 Emily could sense that her mother was tense and out of sorts so she planned a relaxing evening for her parents and offered to cook mushroom lasagna her mother s favorite dish All was going well until dessert when Emily noticed her mother s face growing paler by the minute Suddenly just like that night back in October Denise began to have severe trouble breathing and her heart began racing The room began to spin and without warning she fainted on the dining room floor Oh my God Dad call 911 Uh oh Oh Oh no Denise Denise Do you read me I m in the middle of a heart attack I know it I can feel it That plaque in your left anterior descending coronary artery just ruptured Now everything is going crazy Everyone in the whole body seems to be swimming by High levels of fibrinogen C reactive protein CRP and interleukin 18 IL 18 inflammatory markers present in the bloodstream when there s unstable plaque are combining with your high blood serum cholesterol BAD things are happening Denise Really really BAD Plaque ruptures Platelets stick to the exposed lipid core at the site of rupture The blood clot grows too big Oh too big Is it going to break Say it isn t going to break Not thrombosis please It s been 10 minutes since my heart cells supplied by the blocked artery have been without oxygen If something isn t done soon my cells are going to die Necrosis I never thought I could say that word They say a heart attack can take over four to six hours This first hour is horrible the most critical period Parts of the blood clot may break loose travel in the blood and stick in some tiny little blood vessel My God it could get in a coronary artery or the brain An embolism I need help Now NOW HELP I ve got to get my self in hand It s the only way in a crisis Right Right Why didn t Denise go to her doctor to complain about her chronic breathlessness fatigue and nausea All this stress elevated her blood pressure and further increased her risk for a heart attack Alright so she didn t know that she had a mutation in her LDL receptor gene How could she know that LDL was not being efficiently removed from her blood Whatever At least she should have known her LDL blood levels were very high So were her levels of lipoprotein LP a This stuff increases heart disease risk Why didn t anyone warn her Sure I know I m involved I m taking it personally Wouldn t you But maybe just maybe if Denise had been more aware of the symptoms of heart disease she would have sought help I happen to know that heart attacks are the number one cause of death in the U S More people die from cardiovascular disease including heart attacks atherosclerosis and hypertension each year than the next six leading causes of death combined including cancer and automobile accidents It s an epidemic that people need to be educated about So get it I m here to tell you Denise If you won t listen to me who will you listen to QUESTION Why is the first hour of a heart attack the most critical Cells are dying VI Pumping Pressure Health A Pumping 1 Diastole relaxation phase 2 Systole contraction phase 3 Pulse rhythmic stretching of arteries B Blood pressureWhat is it used as a health measure of It shows how efficiently your heart can pump blood 1 What affects pressure a volume b diameter of vessel 2 Systolic diastolic blood pressure what is normal 120 70 3 Hypertension 140 90 High blood pressure heart works hard to deliver more oxygen to body enlargement of left ventricle coronary blood supply doesn t keep up with increase in heart muscle heart muscle stroke heart attack etc