Secondary Drivers of Temperature Weather Climate ISB201 Spring 2024 Remember There is the Teaching the Greenhouse Effect Assignment due at the beginning of class Homework Due Thursday April 4th at the beginning of class Identify correct misconceptions Explain the three fates of light interacting with matter Check that their drawing labels communicate the science Greenhouse Effect The natural process where heat is held onto by greenhouse gases and re directed to Earth Most of the heat in our Troposphere comes from sunlight being absorbed at Earth s surface and rising up to the atmosphere What is happening here What is happening here What is happening here Why a dotted line here Factors that influence GHE Composition of Greenhouse Gases how why Can you accurately tie in Global Warming Potential Amount of sunlight that is absorbed and transformed to heat at Earth s Surface Albedo is the reflectivity of a surface With high albedo there is more reflection and less chance for light to be absorbed and transformed into heat With low albedo less light is reflected and more light is absorbed and transformed into heat Quiz Name Draw and describe the three between Light and Matter possible interactions Interactions between Light and Matter Reflection Light is re directed with no heat transformation Absorption Light is absorbed by the gas and transformed to heat Laws of Thermodynamics Transmitted Most light passes through and only small amounts are absorbed and transformed to heat 9 11 Study Air Traffic Affects Climate During the three day commercial flight hiatus when the artificial clouds known as contrails all but disappeared the variations in high and low temperatures increased by 1 1 degrees Celsius 2 degrees Fahrenheit each day said meteorological researchers Warmer Days Colder Nights Why https flightaware com live Warmer During Day Fewer planes and contrails reflecting light back to the upper atmosphere Increased light transmitted through atmosphere reaching Earth s surface Greater opportunity for light to be absorbed and transformed into heat Cooler During Night Without the plane s contrails artificial clouds the heat radiating from Earth s surface at night continued higher into the atmosphere where it wasn t felt at Earth s surface Main Factors Driving Earth s Weather Climate Temperature Precipitation Variations in temperature and precipitation are driven by the sun s light energy as it interacts with Earth s surface and air molecules in the atmosphere What are Secondary Factors Driving Earth s Weather Climate Albedo Effect Latitude Earth s Tilt Earth s Rotation and Orbit Wind Currents Ocean Currents Topography Rainshadow Effect Your goal for this material How does influence temperature and climate Albedo Effect Latitude Earth s Tilt Earth s Rotation and Orbit Wind Currents Ocean Currents Topography Rainshadow Effect casual conversation This requires practice and understanding accurately explaining these concepts in You should feel comfortable Albedo Effect Surfaces that reflect light have High Albedo High Reflectivity Fresh Clean Snow 80 85 of the light is reflected Surfaces that absorb light have a Low Albedo Low Reflectivity Dark pavement 3 5 of the light is reflected What is the relationship between albedo and the greenhouse effect Fun with the Albedo Effect how why does this work How why does this work Reflection Absorption Transmission How why does this work How why does this work Death Ray how why does this work Archimedes Solar Death Ray Science project fail It actually worked so well that the garage in the background accidentally burned down Walkie Scorchie Albedos of different surfaces 1 An albedo of 1 would mean a perfect reflector and an albedo of 0 would absorb all light striking it Albedo Effect Which surface will have the higher Albedo Effect And how will this influence the temperature in that area When does this influence climate What is the Albedo Effect and how does it influence climate Albedo Effect Albedo Reflectivity High Albedo High Reflectivity Low Albedo Low Reflectivity High Reflectivity Less absorption absorption Less Less Transformation of light to heat Less Heat Lower Temperatures Consistent Lower Temperatures Cool climates Using the Albedo Effect as a Solution What are latitudes and how does temperature weather climate vary at different latitudes It is important to reference the equator when explaining the role of latitude Higher latitudes from the equator experience Latitude What s wrong with this statement Higher latitudes are warmer because they receive more sunlight Climate varies as you move above and below the equator higher lower latitudes WHY Cold Cool Temperate Warm Temperate Tropical equator Tropical Warm Temperate Cool Temperate Cold 1 More direct sunlight throughout the year 2 More consistent sunlight throughout the year I will explain the importance of throughout the year in the next few slides How does Earth s TILT influence temperature climate over the course of a year C p m o l d e r a t e C e r a t e m e ol T p o e al W a r m T p ic a t o r T r o u q al e p ic T r o p m e W a r m T m e ol T o C C e r a t e e r a t e p o l d Direct vs Indirect Sunlight How does more direct sunlight influence temperature and climate More direct sunlight the greater the ability for light to be absorbed transformed to heat OR the more indirect angle the greater the chance for reflection Higher latitudes from the equator receive sunlight over the course of the year than latitudes closer to the equator What causes the different seasons C o l d e r a t e o l T e m p C o e r a t e W a r m T e m p a l p i c T r o t o r a u q e a l c p i T r o W a r m T e m p o l T e m p C o C o l d e r a t e e r a t e 1 More direct sunlight throughout the year 2 More consistent sunlight throughout the year 3 Earth s Tilt Would there be seasons in Michigan if the Earth was not tilted Why or why not LATITUDE TILT Cause our Seasons Practice this with your fists Always titled towards the North star https video search yahoo com video play ylt A2KLqII8bh1V3D0Agu77w8QF ylu X3oDMTBzM3UzbjRzBHNlYwNzcgRzbGsDdmlkBHZ0aWQDBGdwb3MDMTA p earth 27s seasons sunlight vid 59bf2f6c065f9862d2d73f3999c65070 l 1 3A28 turl http 3A 2F 2Fts2 mm bing net 2Fth 3Fid 3DVN 608042729675033225 26pid 3D15 1 rurl https 3A 2F 2Fwww youtube com 2Fwatch 3Fv 3Dn3rkUjrdo3A tit Earth Seasons P3 c 9 sigr 11b8ab127 sigt 10i35v4e0 sigi 11rmsdsd0 age 1228147200 fr2 p 3As 2Cv 3Av fr sfp tt b Climate type Latitude Cold C o a