ISB 201 1st Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I. Selective Breeding v Genetic modification II. Broad spectrum PesticidesIII. Pesticide ResistanceIV. Alternatives/ Compliments to PesticidesOutline of Current Lecture V. Water Current LectureI. WaterA. Renewable resource: it can be used over and over again and it has a rain cycle; short-term1. Next few centuries limited drinking water2. Same water on earth today as when formed –BUT only 3% useable and is decreasing from contamination and pollutionB. Non-renewable: water is being used faster than it can replenish itself1. population growth puts pressure on earth’s resources2. As more and more people need drinking water, ground water and surfacewater being used up. 3. Water NOT renewable4. Water conservation= main priority C. Major issues with fresh water resources1. Quantity: amount of water available a. Sinkhole: over with drawl of water from aquifers and ground water forms a cone of depression; right soil causes cone to collapseb. Total water 100%, fresh water 3%, readily available freshwater 0.003%c. Not enough in some areas; demand exceeds supply2. Quality: pollution; public and environmental healthD. Natural Water Cycle1. Evaporation (90% from surface waters) transpiration (10% moisture in theair)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Amazon rain forests more than half the water that falls is from transpirationb. What would happen with deforestation? Droughts affect plants and animals 2. condensation, precipitation, infiltration3. Surface water: water collecting on the ground or in a stream, river, lake, wetland or ocean4. ground water: water located underground in soil within fractures of rocka. Cone of depression: large amounts of water withdrawn from aquifers at a fast rate5. Water diversion: water that is redirected or displaced from a lake, river or watershed6. water table: level below the earth’s surface at which the ground becomessaturated with watera. Unconfined aquifer fluctuates with seasonal precipitation b. Confined aquifer are only ‘recharged’ over a long period of timeE. The urban water cycle: condensation much less infiltration in soil low ground water flow in bedrock more more runoff from city into streams evaporationII. How do we supply water and how should we provide water?A. Collecting surface waterB. Withdrawing ground waterC. Desalination and desalinization: removing salt from sea water1. Prosa. Plenty of sea waterb. Could provide drinkable water to places without clean water2. Consa. Very expensiveb. A slow processc. Not energy efficient D. Where does bottled water come from?1. Aquifer: an underground bed or layer of earth, gravel, or porous stone that yields water; infiltrationa. Unconfined: non confining formations or layers. Water above an impermeable layer (water table well)b. Confined: lies between two relatively impermeable rock layers. (artesian aquifer and well)i. Very old and cannot be replenished at equal rater of water withdrawc. Recharging depends on precipitation and the land surface (recharge percolationsaturated area water table2. Great Lakes water: 84% of North America’s surface fresh water supply; 21% of world’sa. Lake levels dropping due to warming climate causing more evaporation in the
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