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MSU ISB 201 - Secondary Factors and Climate

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ISB 201 1st Edition Lecture 18 Outline of Last Lecture I. Weather and Climate II. Atmosphere III. Interaction between light and matterIV. Gas Composition and TempV. Green House Effect Outline of Current Lecture I. Secondary Factors Driving Climate Current LectureI. Secondary Factors Driving ClimateA. Albedo Effect’s influence1. High albedo= high reflection= less absorption = less heat transfer= low temp= consistent low temp= cool climates B. Latitude’s influence (horizontal) 1. Around equator: more DIRECT and more CONSISTENT sunlighta. Direct- up and down; more light absorbed (Hawaii)b. Indirect- at an angle; more light reflected (Alaska)c. Consistency- more sunlight then others across the planet2. Seasons: earth is permanently on a tilt; summer tilted towards the sunC. Wind Currents1. Earth without rotation: 1 cell model on each side of equator; warm air would rise at equator, travel north and south to the poles, cool, and return to the equator2. Earth with rotation: 3 cell model on each side of equator (Hadley cell); cycle of rising and sinkinga. Michigan gets wind from west to east; equator gets their wind from east to west (equatorial easterlies). b. Horse latitudes= no wind3. Rain shadow effect- depends on wind; wind still moves over mountainbut the warm water rises and cools and falls as precipitation on only one side of the mountain. This causes the other side to be dry.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Tropical rain forests: Costa Rica has one wet region and one dry region because of elevation on the small island. Wind moves E W; easterly side is wetter and greenerD. El Niño1. Normal conditions: heat carried by wind and surface currents rises cools--? Rain2. El Nino= reversal of wind direction or NO wind3. This becomes a problem because areas established to handle specific weather patternsE. Michigan and Lakes1. More rainfall at bottom left area of MIa. Properties of water (liquid, solid, gas) due to temp changeb. Water needs light and heat energy to be heated up; warm water can hold heat for a long timec. Can keep climates moderate throughout the year by holding this heat energy that accumulates throughout the yeari. More snow inland in Michigan than along the coast of the lakes because wind carries moisture until it cools enough to fall as precipitation F. Ocean Current’s influence1. Cold currents offshore cause more stable conditions (dry)2. Warm currents3. **redistribute warm and cold water all over the planeta. Similar latitudes, but different climate due to currents (Michigan vs. London)4. Thermohaline circulation: heat and salt change keep current movinga. Cycle of rising and sinking air and moistureb. Warm air moves when gasses are excited and it expands (less dense); same with water molecules; water cools down and begins to slow down and sinkc. Fresh and salt water do not mix; creates a wall of forces water down (seen with Iceland and Greenland whose freshwater ice caps affect currents)5. London’s mini ice age: change in Greenland’s size triggered as it pushed warm currents below the westerly winds that sweep across London. G. Earth’s Orbit: milankovitch cycle1. Periodic variation in Earth’s orbit that correlates with climate change2. Natural patterns to explain


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