INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY 12 JANUARY 2015 Scantron 882 E 2 needed at least Exam One Chapters 1 5 6 CLOSE NOTE CLOSE BOOK 50 Questions 2 Bonus Questions Exam Two Exam Three Final Exam Chapters 7 8 9 10 50 Questions 2 Bonus Questions Chapters 2 13 14 50 Questions 2 Bonus Questions Chapters 1 2 5 10 13 14 CLOSE NOTE CLOSE BOOK 100 Questions Only count 4 highest scores Study Category Research Paper Option A o Community Service Research Paper Homeless Emergency Project o Non Profit organization o Surveyed 8 hours Option B o Psychological Investigation Autopsy Public Figure Someone that compels you o Reading 8 hours Section 1 Third Person Section 2 First Person Extra Credit Exam 1 Exam 2 Exam 3 o 4 Pts o 4 Pts o 4 Pts Research Paper o Section I II 5 Pts o Section III IV 5 Pts Attendance 1 or no classes missed is an extra 10 Pt PSYCHOLOGY 14 JANUARY 2015 Thought Cognition Cognitive Approach Belief System Produces Thoughts Emotion Affect Psyche State of Mind Mind Thinking Brain Processes Human Development Across Life Span Behaviorism How you Respond to something Classical Operant Conditioning Initiating Behavior Reaction Increase Decrease Stay the Same Law of effect Neurotransmitter Chemicals in the brain Dopamine Endorphins Serotonin etc Mind is a combination of both consciousness unconsciousness Culture is relevant to Psychology CULTURE Cultural Values INDIVIDUALIST USA OTHER WESTERN COUNTRIES o SELF o MONEY o TIME o GROUP Cross Cultural Approach Individualist Collectivist John Locke Influential Thinker COLLECTIVIST MOST EASTERN COUNTRIES Perspective that looks at how cultural values effect a persons psychology We re born a blank slate o Experience forms a person EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE 21ST JANUARY 2015 Charles Darwin Naturalist o Natural Selection Genetic Physical Adaptation Based on Environmental Survival Survival of the Fittest Biological Preparedness Scared of Certain Things Over Other Things o Spiders o Snakes o Heights o Open Water Oceans Wilhelm Wundt Founder of Psychology o Studied Consciousness Sigmund Freud Psychoanalysis o Jewish o Left Vienna before Holocaust o Neo Freudian Changed Psychosexual to Psychosocial Modified Psychoanalysis to Psychodynamic o Psychodynamic Unconscious Childhood Mostly unconscious but person has some conscious awareness o Levels of Consciousness Awareness Unconscious More Influential Conscious Preconscious o Levels of Personality Id Little Devil Pleasure Born with Id Principle of Pleasure Immediate Gratification Sexual aggressive urges Superego Little Angel Morals Evolves from Ego o Developed by age 5 6 Societal Expectations o Right v Wrong o Morals o Guilt Ego Sense of Self Preconscious Ego evolves from Id Compromises demands of Id Superego o Reality Principle Take candy pay tomorrow cant happen in reality o Defense Mechanism Rationalization Ego overwhelmed DM Balances Personality Id Superego create a Psychological battle in the mind Unconscious States BEHAVIORISM 26th JANUARY 2015 Shaping Reinforcing in successive approximation Gradual Progressive Steps until the target behavior Operant occurs when operant does not occur on its own Operant Conditioning Theorist is B F Skinner Operant Initiating behavior elicits response Action verb Conditioning describes learning Reinforcement consequence that INCREASES operant Positive giving applying something Negative taking away removing something of a battery Like the charge OPERANT CONDITIONING Consequences 1 Positive Reinforcement Giving Applying something desired to INCREASE operant a Primary Reinforcer TERM Conditioned Unconditioned Neutral Stimulus Response i Food or Drink b Conditioned Secondary Reinforcer NOTATIONS C UC NEUTRAL or N MEANING Learned Unlearned Stimuli Not Associated With a Particular Response Trigger Initiating Behavior Reaction to Stimuli i Compliments or Money S R 2 Negative Reinforcement Taking Away Removal of something undesired to INCREASE operant a Escape Conditioning i When the undesired begins but then is removed b Avoidance Conditioning i Doing something to prevent the undesired 3 Punishment operant operant a Positive Punishment Applying Giving undesired to DECREASE b Negative Punishment Taking Away the desired to DECREASE Both 1 2 INCREASE the operant while 3 DECREASES the operant Example o Can I have a toy NO Negative Punishment o NO Temper Tantrum Positive Punishment o Temper Tantrum Gave toys Positive Reinforcement Conditioned Secondary Reinforcer o Giving Toy Tantrum Stops Negative Reinforcement Escape Conditioning CHAPTER 5 CLASSICAL CONDITIONING 28TH JANUARY 2015 Theorist Ivan Pavlov CLASSICAL CONDITIONING GRID MEANING Reflex Process of Learning Learned PHASE 1 2 3 NOTATIONS UCS UCR NEUTRAL UCS UCR CS CR EXAMPLE Reflex Process of Learning Learned 1 UCS Loud Sound UCR Flinch 2 NEUTRAL Tone UCS Loud Sound UCR Flinch 3 CS Tone CR Flinch Second Order Conditioning When a CS in a person or animal behaves like a UCS so new associations with new neutrals are established Specific Phobias Irrational Fears of a situation or object o CS Specific Phobia o CR Fear o Goal is to stop the fear process of extinction Systematic Desensitization o Based on Classical Conditioning Behavioral Teach Relaxation Skills Goal is to replace CR Fear with relaxation o Proper Breathing Diaphragmatic 11TH 16TH FEBRUARY 2015 Chapter 1 Read Objective 1 Main Perspective to Psych Chart Eclectic draw from multiple approaches depending on client client needs Behavioral Classical Operant Conditioning Humanistic Self Actualization Evolutionary Studying animals to learn about ourselves Positive Psychology Strength resilience positive states Research Methods o Naturalistic Observation o Survey Research o Case Study Method o Correlational Studies o Experimental Design o Quasi Experimental Design Correlational Studies o Association b t two variables extent to which how are the two variables relate o Correlation alone is NEVER Causation o Purpose is to associate two variables o Correlation coefficient a statistic that tells us three things about the relationship b t the two variables Is there a relationship b t the two variables 0 No Relationship 1 0 Perfect Relationship 1 0 Perfect Relationship YES Statistical Significance 1 0 or 1 0 NO 0 Not Statistically Significant Statistical Significance Did it happen by chance or not How Strong is the relationship Absolute Value Drop the sign Closer to one either way the stronger the relationship is How do the variables relate The sign tells you Correlation goes the same way