Psychology Study Guide Exam 1 Mary Calkins first women of the APA APA American Psychology Association now vs then at the beginning the APA was very small couple dozen and then grew to be huge WWII war psychologist because there were a lot of people with PTSD Dealt with Clinical Psychology Needed people to help with veterans The veterans needed help to get through after being in the war Cognitive approach study thinking reasoning Behaviorism they didn t worry about the mind they studied what you could actively observe All environment Developmental Psychology cradle to the grave prenatal environment Follows across lifespan Humanism be all you can be More positive attribution William Wundt consciousness awareness of immediate sensations small structuralism Sigmund Freud controlled by subconscious Impacts behavior that creates anxieties within us Unconscious for behavior Functionalism looking at the whole thing as one big picture John Watson behaviorism Variables controlling factors of an experiment Things that you can study This changes or manipulates in research study Assumption scientific approach scientific method your research will be reproduced Follow step by step you will get results valid data Useful and real information Scientific Journal specific field studies Journal of Child Psychology Important document communicate share results verify replicate knowledge Experimental Vs Descriptive Research experiment cause and effect setting up variables control variables gives you results about cause and effect Correlation Research correlation relationship to things co related related in some way Don t know which one causes but we know the relationship Positive Correlation cause and effector going in same direction People believe your score and how you do in college Higher Negative Correlation one thing goes up and one thing goes down Self esteem and bullying Naturalist Observation observing something that is in its natural habitat Double Blind Procedure neither the subject nor tester knows what is going on Medication Data Collection Methods Survey questionnaire case study naturalistic observation hook someone up to electrodes physiologic recordings Independent variable the variable in the experiment that the experimenter manipulates Typing ability One group where there was loud music and the other no loud music The thing that you change that has the effect Dependent Variable the thing that you measure no matter which group performance on the test Extraneous variable what you can t control outliers Naturalistic Observation seeing something in natural environment ad true representation of their behavior Observe something real Why surveys A whole lot of information Hard to set up a laboratory for example sexual behavior This depends on the topic Representative sample draws from population in equal portions Otherwise harder to generalize results Double blind experimenter and the subject are hidden no cherry picking data Lesioning destroying piece of the brain This only occurs in animals To study a certain part of the brain CT Scan slice function of the brain x ray MRI Scan structural 3D image of the brain and in high resolution Cerebellum motor movements drinking affects this first Medulla breathing involuntary Thalamus signals switching station before heading to the cerebral cortex Hypothalmus under the thalamus hunger thirst flight fight Olds and Milner Research rats electrodes in brain pleasure in limbic system emotion based pressing bar repeatedly and the electrical stimulation continued Cerebrum largest and most complex mental activities learning memory thinking consciousness itself seed of the brain Corpus Callosum structure communicates between hemispheres Temporal Lobe auditory processing speech and language Frontal Lobe logic and motor movements voluntary Parietal Lobe touch Occipital Love visual hit in back of head you get stars