Psychology Behavior Psychology s Goals 1 Description 2 Explanation 3 Prediction 4 Control Introduction to Psychology The scientific study of behavior and mental process The outward action reaction E g talking facial expressions gestures Mental Processes The internal activities E g thinking feeling remembering Observing and noting a behavior Help build a theory from the description Determine what is going to happen in the future To change a behavior to a mor useful desireable one Famous Theorists that you should probs know William Wundt Theorised Objective Introspection The study of objectively examining one s thoughts and Edward Titchener William James mental processes Famous for the Structuralism theory The study focusing on the structure o the mind He believed that all experiences can be broken down into its inidividual emotions and sensations Famous for the functionalism theory How the mind allows people to function How the body acts and the mind reacts E g how people work play adapt etc Psychoanalysis The mind is like an onion with its many layers o Sigmend Freud s term for the revealing of the unconcious confluct and the therapy o Stresses the importance of early life experiences the unconsious mind and the developmental phases Gestalk Psychology o Believed that psychological events needed to be looked at as a whole and cannot be broken down into smaller pieces o Founded by Max Wertheimer Modern Perspectives on psychology 1 Psychodynamic 2 Behavioral 3 Humanistic Focuses on the unconcious mind and its influence on the concious mind E g Childhood experiences Focuses on how behavioral responses are learned by conditioning How the human potential free will and self actualization affect their behavior 4 Cognitive behavior 5 Evolutionary How their memory intelligence and thought processes affect Focuses on the biologucal bases of mental characteristics E g why do we lie How does physical appreance affect our choice of mate 6 Sociocultural their cultural backgrounds 7 Biopsychological How a person acts among others depends on who their with and Influences of hormones chemicals and brain structure Steps of the scientific method a Perceive the question b Form a hypothesis c Test the hypothesis d Draw a conclusion e Report the results Methods of data collection Case Studies An individual is put in a situation and researchers study the indicidual in great detail Provides tremendous detail Detail is specific to the one person Different individuals handle situations in their own way Surveys People are asked questions about the topic and their responses are recorded Reaches a large audience Large amount of detail received by a sample audience Inaccurate answers Representative sample audience must be specific Reference Psychology Fourth Edition by Saundra K Ciccarelli and J Noland White
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