Ch 29 Careers in Hospitality and Tourism Education Growth in the Industry The demand for hospitality and tourism educators is derived directly from the demand for people working in the hospitality and tourism industry all of whom will be educated and trained in some fashion Tourism is the largest industry in the world and the 3rd in the U S The segments of lodging accommodation and foodservice accommodation comprise almost 10 of all employment nationally According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U S department of Labor the hospitality industry increased 17 in wage and salary employment between 2004 and 2013 Sectors such as the convention and event sector are expected to experience greater growth 44 between 2013 and 2025 According to the National Restaurant Association restaurant sales have reached 665 billion in sales with an estimated 13 1 million employees These 13 1 million employees represent 10 of the U S workforce Employment in the restaurant industry is expected to increase by another 1 3 million jobs by 2025 making total employment 14 4 million Restaurant sales constitute 4 of the U S gross domestic product The United States Travel and Tourism industry is also expected to contribute 2 8 to the gross domestic product in 2013 generating 438 billion The travel and tourism industry is expected to increase 628 5 billion by 2023 In terms of employment the travel and tourism industry is expected to expand from 10 of total employment in 2013 to 10 1 of total employment by 2023 All of this projected growth in various sectors of the industry points to a substantive need to prepare individuals for careers in hospitality and tourism Formal programs in schools colleges and universities around the world are experiencing growth to meet the needs of the industry Growth in H T Education Career oriented vocational and culinary schools have been part of the U S educational system and abroad since the 1900 s growth in the late 1900 s and 21st century has been in the 4 year bacca laureate granting institutions offering degrees in hospitality and tourism management In the early 1970 s there were only about 40 such hospitality management programs According to the Guide to College Programs in Hospitality there were more than 170 undergraduate programs and this number has grown to 300 in recent years Among U S schools in hospitality and tourism education two year institutions ranked first in total number This is followed by four year institutions and culinary programs Types of Schools in U S H T Education Culinary 25 4 year Institutions 30 2 year Institutions 46 Types and Numbers of Schools Hospitality and Tourism Educators Qualifications and Responsibilities Educators of all subjects require different sets of skills experience and academic preparation and hospitality and tourism educators are no exception Differences in the duties the number of courses taught the type of academic research and the salaries related to the type of institutions in which they work Careers in Secondary and Vocational Schools Students taking hospitality courses at the high school or vocational level are preparing for entry level positions in foodservice and lodging operations The educator s primary responsibility is to teach daily and follow a secondary school schedule with hours extending from morning to midafternoon on a nine month appointment Careers in secondary and vocational schools typically require a bachelor s degree and a teaching certificate Those teaching are expected to demonstrate their own skills as they train the students Culinary Schools Culinary schools focus on teaching culinary related skills They are engaged in activities that prepare students for careers in restaurants banquets and catering and intuitional foodservice in settings such as hospitals schools and corporate facilities Courses on beverage management food purchasing preparation presentation and service as well as food safety are taught Instructors are usually required to have substantial number of years of experience in the field and many have baccalaureate degrees or hold certificates from culinary schools themselves Culinary schools focus on developing skills and training for entry level positions in food and beverage operations with an emphasis on back of the house functions Many of the international hospitality programs are in the culinary school category Two Year Colleges Students in two year programs are typically in community colleges where they earn an associate degree The curriculum is broader than a vocational or culinary program and includes some general education courses The focus is on entry level positions in foodservice or lodging operations clubs or catering companies Upon completion of the program some students transfer to baccalaureate degree granting four year institutions to earn a Bachelor of Science in Hospitality and Tourism Management Faculty and teaching in two year associate degree programs are often required to hold a masters level degree and to have a few years of experience in at least one sector of the industry They typically will teach three to four courses per semester or manage several laboratory classes Other duties may include sponsoring a student club student advertising and serving on college committees Four Year Colleges and Universities The job faculty in four year colleges and universities is to prepare students for management positions in the industry Students can earn a bachelor s degree and assume positions in hotels restaurants resorts or clubs Faculty members teaching in these institutions are usually required to have a Ph D from an accredited hospitality or business program Some faculty members hold other terminal degrees such as an Ed D Doctorate of Education or J D Juris Doctorate The duties are typically three fold and reflect a mission that includes teaching research and service components Research Universities often offer graduate degrees a Master of Science and or a Ph D Faculty members in these positions are expected to advance the discipline of hospitality and tourism management through scholarly research published in academic journals In departments offering graduate degrees scholarly activity would also include serving on thesis or dissertation committees and serving on editorial review boards of academic journals Teaching loads in these universities are likely two courses or fewer per semester with research publication requirements and service duties Service duties
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