Exam IV Study Guide Chapters 13 14 15 Chapter 13 Antisocial Personality Disorder APD o Cunning and manipulative of others for personal gain with no remorse o Frequently engage in criminal behavior o General disregard for people with whom they have a relationship with o Verbal and or physical aggression o Often creative with above average in intelligence Antisocial Personality Questionnaire APQ o 150 scale item with 8 subscales o Measures emotional difficulties deviant thoughts and interpersonal and impulse control problems o this scale DOES take into account both personality and behavioral characteristics associated with APD by measuring them both Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD o combination of ADHD with conduct disorders that can lead to APD Biopsychosocial model o biological psychological and social factors that contribute to APD o there are biological factors that predispose people to APD and the familial or personal social aspects of one s life experiences that lead to the development of APD Brain abnormalities o people with APD and psychopathy seem to show less affect related activity in the amygdala than control populations o orbito frontal cortex as well as corpus callosum abnormalities could potentially play a role as well Conduct Disorder o Chronic violation of rules aggression and destruction o Must be present since the age of 15 when determining APD Family and marital therapies o Have proven to be more successful than group psychotherapy Group Therapy o Therapy utilizing a group of individuals all of whom have similar issues Life skills training o Behavioral or cognitive behavioral method for treating APD o Two pronged approach change through understanding and experiencing and coping skills acquisition and practice that is taught directly to patients o Goal is to reduce symptoms and help compensate for behavioral deficits o Utilizes direct instruction modeling prompting of certain behaviors positive reinforcement to create new goal behaviors Low arousal theory o Contends that people have a normal level of arousal of the automatic nervous system that they seek to maintain o People with APD seems to have low levels of autonomic arousal Psychotherapy o Educational approach that teaches those with APD and other personality disorders how to live within the rules of society o Typically a long term treatment Psychopathy o Used to describe people with APD o Cunning and manipulative of others for personal gain with no remorse o Frequently engage in criminal behavior o General disregard for people with whom they have a relationship with o Verbal and or physical aggression Psychopathy Checklist Revised PCL R o Most commonly used psychopathy scale for measuring APD o Other two scales rely on self report data when they can be manipulative o Two factors that are split into 4 categories interpersonal affective lifestyle o Also used as a risk assessment tool for recidivism rates for violent and sexual and antisocial offenders Psychopathy Personality Inventory PPI o 163 item self report questionnaire split into 8 subscales that measure personality traits associated with APD such as aggressiveness and impulsiveness o does not take into account antisocial behaviors only personality traits o of the puzzle when determining APD Serotonin o neurotransmitter in the brain plays a role in anger aggression and mood as well as human sexuality and sleep o low levels are associated with APD aggression impulsivity and suicidal behavior Sociopath Testosterone o another popular term especially in the media o used to describe someone suffering from APD o Contributing factor to APD high levels of male hormone o Produced in both males females o Responsible for libido sperm production and muscle development Therapeutic Community o Used in the treatment for people with personality disorders especially APD o Involves a controlled structured residential environment that challenges maladaptive attitudes and behavior and supports prosocial development o Utilizes group psychotherapy and sociotherapy to change undesirable personality characteristics Chapter 14 Gender Responsive systems Relational Theory trauma o Intended to place a gendered lens on correctional and criminal justice o One gender is not more important than the other o Core theory in explaining female criminality o Within this framework came about holistic addiction theory and theory of o Together they create a basis for understanding female offenders widespread experiences with trauma substance abuse and mental health o Women are believed to have an alternate route to achieving healthy psychological growth Condemned Isolation o When a woman feels isolated in her primary relationships because significant others in her life fail to validate and adequately respond to her attempts at connecting o Woman believes she is the sole cause of problems within the relationship feels there is no possibility of improving the relational situation Holistic Addiction Theory o Recognizes that addicted women differ from males in several significant ways and women s substance abusing behavior is a complex problem for which a multi faced treatment model is necessary o Treatment model consists of treating women s co occurring addiction and mental illness needs while incorporating a relational therapeutic perspective that recognizes the primary causal role of victimization and trauma Theory of Trauma o Critical perspective in understanding the treatment of women offenders o Useful in determining appropriate and effective treatment modalities for coping with trauma o Relevant to the treatment of substance abuse disorders since alcohol and other drugs are often used as coping strategy for trauma survivors Trauma Informed o Related to treatment methods in which services and policies used are those that are influenced by an understanding of the impact of interpersonal violence and victimization on women s development and lives o A trauma informed staff ensures all staff are trained to understand the prevalence of abuse and victimization in offender s lives as well as various detrimental effects on human behavior Universal Precautions o Practices are those that treat all women as though they are trauma survivors Chapter 15 Actuarial versus clinical subjective intuitive assessment o Clinical subjective intuitive assessment persists o Part of the client preservice assessment Appropriate Interventions o When studies share certain programmatic features which