Final Exam Study Guide CJC 4410 You are responsible for Lecture 11 Sexual Offenders the Lecture 18 Desistance Additionally you are responsible for the corresponding readings Anytime there is a statistic in the lectures or the readings I m never going to ask you to give me the exact statistic you just need to know what they are generally Ex more than half of sex offenders have a previous felony conviction the lecture indicates the exact number is 60 but you just need to know that more than half I ve added asterisks next to parts in the study guide that I feel like are topics he normally has similar questions about from prior exams Good luck SEX OFFENDERS Roughly 5 million under correctional supervision o 4 7 were convicted of a sexual offense Almost 60 more than half of sexual offenders are in the community Recidivism o 50 half will be re arrested for a new sexual offense o 34 will be re convicted Average sentence o Rape 12 5 years o Sexual assault 8 5 years o Time in prison is increasing Typical offender majority male previously convicted of a felony o 99 male o 60 previous felony conviction o 10 15 previous sexual offense conviction Theoretical Perspectives Perspective 1 offenders who commit sex offenses but do not have a disorder believes sex offenders with disorders must be distinguished from other o Those with disorders should be targeted for treatment o First and most important step in treatment is assessment Perspective 2 offender population or between sex offenders and other types of offenders believes that there are no fundamental differences within the sex o Convicted sexual offenders engage in many types of deviant behavior o Factors that predict non sexual offending also predict sexual offending o General treatment programs can be appropriate for sexual offenders Most treatment programs take this approach Treatment Approaches 3 broad types of treatment for those that target sexual disorders 1 Behavioral Theories of behaviorism Modeled specifically for sex offenders Goal modification of inappropriate sexual preferences Assessment Techniques Aversion therapy Covert sensitization 2 Medical Biological perspective Hormonal manipulation Used with psychotherapy Self deception Chemical and surgical castration Lowers testosterone 3 Cognitive Behavioral Teaching offenders the mental skills necessary for controlling their own behaviors Philosophy sexual offending is a choice Treatment Teach the offender to control cognitive distortions and dysfunctional thought processes Relapse prevention approach Goal self reinforcement skills and monitor inner monologue Widely used General programs o Individual and family psychotherapy Based on psychodynamic therapy Introspection to identify problems in development Individual and group settings o Victim awareness o Sex education Reading Studies Hall 1995 Sexual Offender Recidivism Revisited A Meta Analysis of Recent Treatment Cognitive behavioral and hormonal treatments more effective than behavioral Refusal rate no significant difference More successful with outpatient offenders than institutionalized offenders Recidivism With treatment 19 Without treatment 27 8 fewer out of 100 Overestimation Less effective with pathological offenders Can t generalize for non sexual offenses Measure of recidivism Community Notification sex offender recidivism Little empirical evidence community notifications are an effective strategy for reducing Increases fear of parents and fails to empower potential victims to protect themselves Created excessive fiscal and workload costs for law enforcement agencies Negative impact on sex offender treatment success Civil Commitment Traditionally used for mentally ill 1930 s first legislation allowing civil commitment for sexual predators 1990 Washington was the nation s first second generation sexual predator commitment statute criminal sentence Allows for civil commitment and treatment following the completion of a 16 states have civil commitment statutes Each state varies in their definition of SVP s High cost WA yearly cost is 70 000 per client CA yearly cost is 103 00 per client Release is rare 20 offenders nationwide from 1990 2000 Other less costly solutions Longer incarceration periods with treatment Lifetime probation about 1 400 year Intensive supervision while allowing them to live work and obtain treatment in the community Empirical studies are basically non existent Problem assessment and identification MENTALLY ILL OFFENDERS Statistics o 10 19 in jail o 18 27 in prison Collectively over 2 1 million inmates with SMI in our nation s prisons and jails o 16 25 1 4 have had a mental illness in their lifetime High concentration of mentally ill offenders in the CJ system o Deinstitutionalization inadequate or insufficient community treatment shifting of responsibility High recidivism rates o 24 1 4 within 12 months o 77 3 4 within 36 months Deinstitutionalization them in an institution Developing community based treatment programs for the mentally ill instead of locking Unintended consequence rise of the homeless population Didn t account for the back and forth movement between asylum and the community Present era decriminalization o Each service is built around a specific set of intervention points o Maintains an organizing premise that treatment access should be the major focus of intervention INTERVENTIONS Police based Intervention Diversion Premise police discretion arrest and jail facilities are being used instead of psychiatric professionals hospitals and clinics to address mental illness o Importance of access to psychiatric services Pre booking o Police based strategies to avoid arrest o Officer training and resources Post booking o Access to treatment asap Court based Intervention Mental health courts o Revolving door of the CJ system o 1997 first mental health court was established Research is sparse o Treatment instead of prison time o 2003 study found that mental health court clients were more satisfied with their CJ experience than misdemeanor clients Corrections based Intervention Includes many types o Re entry post booking diversion discharge planning and community based management services Premise facilitation of timely access to mental health services at the point of release will limit the clients future involvement in the CJ system Research is rare o 16 consistently received treatment in the first year o Delays interruptions and low intensity Intensive Case Management Diversion model based on