CJC4410 Final Exam Study Guide Gangs Treatment in Prison I II Gang Violence a Members involved in nonviolent and violent crimes b Many members are convicted and incarcerated c Being in a gang increases the probability of management problems d Underreported i Most people don t want to snitch on gang members e The majority will reenter society and become a concern for public safety Techniques to Reduce Gang Violence in Prison a Must know what s important to them on the street to be able to help them in prison b Gang Coordinator is an important figure in reducing this violence c Gang Members in prison are in contact with those on the streets d Security Threat Group in FL i Try to divert gang members crime related to gangs and gang violence e Strategic Challenges i Want to divert gang elements and internal organizations ii Try to isolate members to disassociate them from the gang f Offer correctional programs to replace gang activity i These programs get them to think as an individual to be able to do things on their own without having to rely on a gang III Separation and Isolation a Keep rival gang members away from each other i This can either prevent war or it can backfire b Put gang leaders and members in isolation Segregation is supposed to reduce gang activity c d When isolated they want you to keep occupied e Process i Period of strict segregation investigation assess threats risks classification ii Once classified they move you to less restricting segregated unit iii They can earn privileges by behaving well week by week iv They must sign a behavior contract Low and medium security inmates the goal for these inmates is reintegration f g Segregation is financially costly h Those who openly admit to being in a gang probably don t need to be segregated i Not high risk don t want to punish honesty ii May have been pressured to be in a gang i Increase Gang Violence i Disperse to other prisons 1 Might take control of prison population where gangs weren t as popular ii When in isolation may not be able to take part in programs that are supposed to change their behavior reintegrate them back into society Dissociation from the Gang a Some gang members dissociated placed in separate facility b Successfully dissociated IV V i Tend to hold lower ranks ii Less inclined to violence Risk Need and Responsivity Principles a Andrew and Bonta i Risk Principle treatment effective with highest risk offenders ii Need Principle targeted refers to gang members in general 1 Targeting criminal associates is most effective iii Responsivity Principle based more on the individual b Simon et al 2006 i 4 groups of people gang members treated untreated nongang members ii Results CBT can reduce likelihood and seriousness of criminal recidivism in treated untreated the community i Control group actually went through some of training gives us a conservative VI Results of Simon et al 2006 Study a Institutional Behavior improved i e less fights stabbings etc i ii Had more minor institutional misconduct b Recidivism Upon Release estimate c Huge reduction in terms of violent recidivism d Treatment can work for gang members Police Enforcement of Gangs VII Policing Gangs a We take the lock em up approach b 47 of Latino 31 Black c Know neutral definition of gang in powerpoint i Resulted in non white and lives in area with a lot of gang activity d Moral Panic i Immediate reaction with hyper aggressive tactics VIII Ecological Contamination a Respond and precede each other very specifically b Officers trying to protect themselves neighborhoods see it as being harassed and discriminated against IX Duran Study a Ethnographic Qualitative Interviewing observing i ii Duran was a former gang member in Utah Snowball talk to someone give them names of others etc b 5 15 gang members met about once a week c Suppression Tactics a X Intelligence gathering and zero tolerance policing remained at the heart of both gang units b Broken Windows theory i See area with broken windows cars try to fix this neighborhood focus heavily on minor offenses to clean up the area c Police continually justify tactics d Have high presence in high crime neighborhoods e Legitimated Profiling a Residents believe police were using stereotypes for these stops claim they were Lower class citizens experiencing harassment by the police XI XII XIII profiled b Stopping them for no reason c They often target people that aren t gang members Intelligence Gathering a b Sentence enhancement because of gang association on gang list c Creation of lists Involves surveillance to active gang members i Talking nonchalantly to coercion look at tattoos Summary of Duran Study a Problem became the enforcement of the laws not the law itself b Diminish their equal protection status in country stopping minorities c Patterns of gang enforcement i Structurally vulnerable areas become targeted Gang Prevention Programs I G R E A T Program a Similar to DARE b Developed in Phoenix in 1991 c 9 lecture based lessons taught in middle school d 2001 no difference between those who went through it and those who didn t go through it e Does the program reduce gang activity and crime involvement II III IV i No difference ii Revised curriculum 13 lessons on life skills conflict resolution iii Avoid getting involved in gang behavior f New program in 2003 i Lessons seemed pretty lame silly have less of an effect with young juveniles if they are lame 1 Which is why the program didn t work as well Longitudinal 6 years more effective larger sample size more representative G R E A T Program Effectiveness a Cross sectional snapshot in time b Prevention Program Content and Delivery a Ask teachers what they feel is effective working b Very important in preventing delinquency drug use gang membership Lecture can t hold young children s attention long enough to do this i Decision making problem solving etc c 71 of teachers felt role playing was most effective d Cure Violence a Started in Chicago b Not as popular as GREAT program c Treats violence as an infectious disease d Goals i 1 Detect interrupt potential violent events ii Determine who is most likely to cause violence and reduce the risk iii Change underlying social behavioral norms i e no retaliation of violence e Determine who is likely to get shot or be the shooter i Violence interrupters 1 Work together they mediate gang conflicts on the ground reduce stop cycle of violence ii Use outreach workers 1 To counsel clients and provide them with