Exam 1 Study Guide Chapter 1 1 What is mercantilism What are some examples of mercantilism The use of military power to enrich imperial government State monopolies Spanish mines Hudson Bay company controls on colonial trade free trade foreign concept home countries value themselves over colonies states wanted military AND economic power 2 What is the Peace of Westphalia What were the outcomes of the Peace of Westphalia What is sovereignty What ended the Thirty Years War 1618 1648 sealed decline of Spain Stabilized boarders resolved religious conflicts beginning of modern system of states Sovereignty the expectation that states have legal and political supremacy ultimate authority within their own territorial boundaries 3 Who were the big players in the Cold War How did the development of nuclear weapons influence the Cold War The US NATO and the Soviet Union Warsaw Pact Helped prevent all out war led to proxy wars enhanced dramatic nature importance of crises and led to some communication between the superpowers 1962 Soviets secretly begin installing missiles in Cuba US finds out and USSR dismantles on condition that US will never invade Cuba and US missiles be removed from Turkey 4 What best describes international politics for the years following the end of the Cold War THIRD WORLD Rise of nationalism governments hostile to foreign trade investment and finance decolonization newly independent nations tried to reform international economy and perceived inequalities most fail due to lack of power 1973 oil producing developing nations succeed in manipulating world oil markets OPEC Two realities American supremacy military and Globalization nat economies integrate into world economies interconnected Transnational human rights and environmentalist groups start to play an important role in politics international trade and investments continue to grow Chapter 2 1 Who are the actors in world politics and what interests are typically associated with these actors What are some examples of the various actors that make up world politics Individuals are ultimate actors groups are individuals who share a common interest Common interests security economic welfare ideological nat interest interests of the state itself Ex of actors individuals representing the state 2 What are interactions What is a strategic interaction What is a best response strategy Interactions combinations of choices by 2 or more actors that produce observed political outcomes Strategic interaction assume actors are purposive what we observe actors doing is not always their preferred opinion one actor responds based on what they believe the other actor will do Best response adopt strategies to obtain preferred outcomes given what they believe to be the interests and likely actions of others game theory choices are anticipatory 3 What is cooperation What is bargaining What is the difference between cooperation and bargaining Cooperation when actors have a shared interest in achieving an outcome and must work together to do so joint action for joint gain Bargaining when actors must choose between outcomes that make one better off at the expense of another dividing a fixed resource Cooperation is where actors work together towards sharing the same goal whereas bargaining is where they are arguing against each other over individual possession of the same goal 4 What are public goods What are some examples of public goods Consumed jointly and people cannot be excluded ex nat defense a lighthouse 5 What is the reversion outcome How does the reversion outcome influence state power Reversion outcome returning to the status quo depends on how power can tolerate the reversion outcome how the people make the leaders accountable 6 What is coercion What are some ways states can coerce each other Coercion threaten or impose cost to the status quo state at which actors are at currently An outside option agenda setting 7 What is anarchy in international relations Absence of formal government NOT CHAOS 8 What factors make cooperation more less likely How do they do this MORE LIKELY number of actors fewer actors fewer interests more cooperation size of actors one big powerful actor gives all incentive to cooperate iteration repeated interaction linkage logrolling reducing information asymmetries more info more cooperation institutions bias policy enforcement technique LESS LIKELY incentives to defect do something else coordination problem no incentive to defect Collective Action Prob CAP or Collaboration Problem unilateral incentive to defect 9 Why is enforcement by international institutions self enforcement How do institutions make self enforcement easier Institutions bias outcomes in favor of the powerful Rules are never neutral but embody the bargaining strength of the actors at the time they were enacted UN general assembly Easier because set standards of behavior verify compliance rules for reporting and inspecting reduce cost of joint decision making resolve disputes coping with ambiguity 10 Why do countries comply with international institutions Actors may agree to comply with rules for the cooperation they facilitate even though the bargain is biased against them Institutions are costly to create May choose to live within biased rules rather than pay costs of building new institutions Chapter 3 1 Why do states fight wars What do states fight over in war Bargaining failure Positive expected utility they think they ll gain but only 1 side does uncertainty why not communicate Conflicts of interest 2 What kind of good are states most likely to fight over What is crisis bargaining Territory power Crisis bargaining bargaining under the threat of war coercive diplomacy 3 What is the bargaining range Why do states agree to settlements in the bargaining range What is an ideal point Bargaining range where the deals that each side prefers to war overlap They agree because it would cost less than the cost of war Ideal point the ideal point where one side would get everything they want ideally usually at the opposite end covering 100 of the scale 4 What is compellence What is deterrence What is the difference between these two concepts Compellence A set of decisions policies and actions intended to force an opponent to take some action Deterrence is the use of punishment as a threat to deter people from offending Compellence is attempting to change the status quo through the threat of force Deterrence is attempting to prevent others from
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