Introduction to International Relations Final Exam Vocabulary Asymmetric Warfare Boomerang Model CFCs Coercion Common Pool Resources Customary International Law Delegation Externality Extremists Global Climate Change Green House Gases Individual Petition Insurgency Armed conflict between actors with highly unequal military capabilities ie when terrorists or rebel groups fight strong states A process through which NGOs in one state are able to activate transnational linkages to bring pressure from other states on their own governments Chemical compounds used in aerosols insulating materials refrigerator and air conditioner coolants and other products CFCs are widely banned today due to their damaging effect on the ozone layer The threat or imposition of costs on other actors in order to change their behavior Means of international coercion include military force and economic sanctions Goods that are available to everyone such as open ocean fisheries it is difficult to exclude anyone from using the common pool but one user s consumption reduces the amount available for others International law that usually develops slowly over time as states recognize practices as appropriate and correct Degree to which 3rd parties such as courts arbitrators or mediators are given authority to implement interpret and apply international legal rules to resolve disputes over the rules or to make additional rules Costs or benefits for stakeholders other than the actor undertaking an action When an externality exists the decision maker does not bear all the costs or reap all the gains from his or her action Actor whose interests are not widely shared by other individuals or groups that are politically weak relative to the demands they make Human induced change in the environment especially from the emissions of GHGs leading to higher temperature around the globe A gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range A right that permits individuals to petition appropriate international legal bodies directly if they believe a state has violated their rights A military strategy in which small often lightly armed units engage in hit and run attacks against Nongovernmental Organization International Bill of Rights Irredentism Kyoto Protocol Nonderogable Nonexcludable Nonrival Norm entrepreneur Norm Life Cycle Norms Obligation Outbidding Precision military gov and civilian targets Refers collectively to the UDHR the ICCPR and the ICESCR Together these 3 agreements form the core of the international human rights regime The desire to detach a region from one country and attach it to another usually b c of shared ethnic or religious ties An amendment to the UN Framework Con on Climate Change adopted in 1997 and entered into force in 2005 that establishes specific targets for reducing emissions of carbon dioxide and five other GHGs Rights that cannot be suspended for any reason including at times of public emergency Characterizing a public good if the good is available to one actor to consume then other actors cannot be prevented from consuming it as well The term commonly used for an org that is neither a part of a gov nor a conventional for profit business Characterizing a public good one actor s consumption of the good does not diminish the quantity available for others to consume as well Individuals and groups who seek to advance principled standards of behavior for states and other actors A 3 stage model of how norms diffuse within a population and achieve a taken for granted status Standards of behavior for actors with a given identity norms define what actions are right or appropriate under particular circumstances The degree to which states are legally bound by an international rule High obligation rules must be performed in good faith and if breathed required reparations to the injured party A strategy of terrorist attacks designed to demonstrate a capability for leadership and commitment relative to another similar terrorist group The degree to which international legal obligations are fully specified More precise rules narrow the scope for reasonable Proportionality Provocation Proxy War Public Goods Social Movements Spoiling Terrorism Tragedy of the Commons Transnational Advocacy Networks TANs Universal Declaration of Human Rights Universal Jurisdiction interpretation A general principle in law which covers several special although related concepts A strategy of terrorist attacks intended to provoke the target government into making a disproportionate response that alienates moderates in the terrorists home society or in other sympathetic audiences A conflict in which 2 opposing states fight by supporting opposite sides in war such as the government and rebels in a 3rd state Individually and socially desirable goods that are non excludable and non rival in consumption such as national defense Group action They re large sometimes informal groupings of individuals orgs which focus on specific political or social issues In other words they carry out resist or undo a social change A strategy of terrorist attacks intended to sabotage a prospective peace between the target and moderate leadership from the terrorists home society The use or threatened use of violence against noncombatant targets by individuals non state groups for political ends An economic theory that states that individuals acting independently and rationally according to each one s self interest behave contrary to the whole group s long term best interests by depleting some common resource A set of individuals and NGOs acting in pursuit of a normative objective Adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948 this declaration defines a common standard of achievement for all peoples and forms the foundation of modern human rights law Allows states or international orgs to claims criminal jurisdiction over accused persons regardless of where the alleged crime was committed and regardless of the accused s nationality country of residence etc
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