AMH 2010 Fall 2014 I When does US begin A Opinions on this differ 1 1776 US is independent from England but not really a unified country 2 1789 the 2nd constitution is written but not everyone is on the same page and the Federal Gov is not completely established 3 1800 Thomas Jefferson is elected and the country is unified temporarily 4 1865 Civil War has ended country is re unified as one Federal Gov fully established B 13 000 15 000 the land mass we know as US formed 1 the last ice age ended sea levels went down so much people could walk from Russia to Alaska a b many people began migrating into throughout North America land mass known as Beringia II Qualities American Immigrants shared A Mobility B Adaptability 1 People migrated all over world expanded trade routes and markets 1 Had to adapt to a variety of circumstances to survive 2 Advancing economies and monetary systems a Beads shells and maize now being used 3 New Societies Mound Builders a Societies expanded surplus laborers who had the opportunity to do things other than farm tend to land i Created giant mounds with their time C Diversity 1 We know there was diversity by the remains of different types of houses 2 We know up to 329 languages existed 3 Greatest diversity was on the West Coast a An area of wealth b Close to Beringia easy to migrate to III US History can be told as a story of immigrants A 1626 1864 305 000 Africans Brought to North America B Native Peoples 1 Non literate but no illiterate a No letters or written words b Spoke communicated through speech and symbols 2 Languages identified where they came from 3 English traders gave their tribes names a Natives didn t refer to themselves as Seminoles etc 4 Cimarrones African and Native slaves who fled to St Augustine and other Spanish settlements along Camino Real 5 Cimarrones in Spanish means wild or unruly feral a Runaways without homes 6 Muscogean couldn t say rr sound turned to Cimallones a English turned Cimallones into Seminoles IV The Colonial Era begins A Europeans begin to come to North America 1 Jamestown Virginia 1607 2 Plymouth Colony 1620 3 Massachusetts Bay Colony 1630 4 Mainly British coming but not exclusively B English Immigration vs Native Immigration a Travelled to US from England didn t really move here travel the land a Began to harvest new crops for the first time learn to deal with new land 1 Mobility 2 Adaptability conditions 3 Diversity a Language mostly the same English b Religion i Protestant Puritan Anglican ii Catholic c Social classes statuses C When England first gates to North America 1 Many Indians already wiped out a 1500s many epidemics spread b English diseases increased death rates but didn t create 2 English thought of the natives as large muscular savage violent unintelligent a Thought of land as empty ready to be colonized b Thought natives would be good for labor easy to control 3 Dissonance gap between thoughts and reality a England did not find what they thought they did V Why did the English come to the New World A Pushes internal issues that made people want to leave 1 Demographic Crisis a Rapid population growth b The Great Expansion 1550 1600 population of England doubles c London largest city in the world at the time 100 000 people d Innovation economic expansion moving at a slower rate than population growth i Inequality leads to inflation Inflation more people for same number of goods jobs Prices of things go up People have less money overall 2 Economic Change a As drastic as American Industrial Revolution b The Enclosures i The Monarch stats letting people turn their farmland into pastures for sheep A way to make money for monarchs export wool ii Peasants who used to farm the land now jobless landless The poor known as cotters c Consequences i Unemployment More people same less jobs ii Idleness Not being productively employed Illegal in England iii Rise in crime rates iv Vagrancy Being homeless Also illegal v Richard Hakluyt suggested sending all these people out of the country would fix all of England s problems 3 Religious Conflict a About more than just religion i Religion politics completely intertwined b 1533 Henry VIII created the Church of England CoE i England was a catholic country ii Henry wanted to divorce his wife Pope said no Henry excommunicated England from Catholic Church iii CoE same as Catholic Church essentially except monarch was the head not the Pope iv Known today as Protestants c Martin Luther Lutherans Protestants i Hated the church shaped what CoE should be like ii Obsessed with shit literal shit d English Civil War 1642 1660 e Many English remained catholic i Had to remain in secret ii Many open Catholics slaughtered by the monarch i Fights over how Church should be run created incorporated into gov Christopher Marlowe a playwright as famous as Shakespeare at the time Killed for supposedly being catholic Edward Campion first Jesuit Priest who was caught Killed for treason f King Charles I supported chartering New World Colonies as refugee for B Pulls external geo political factors that made people want to go to the New religious peoples World 1 National Security a Spain is main world power at this time is Catholic i Had control of Aztecs Mexico Incas Peru Control of empires control of wealth Silver and gold ii Used money to create world s largest navy iii Became interested in invading England b England knew they needed money to combat Spain i Made money by exports wool ii Decided to steal money Privateer a state sanctioned pirate Sir Francis Drake first pirate o Stole money along the sea sometimes Spanish merchant ships Created colonies as a port for privateers Roanoke Island 1585 2 Economics Trade a All English wool was sold from the same place Antwerp Belgium i mid 16th century market collapses too much wool produced not high enough demand prices dropped needed to find new markets to sell wool Asia East Indies b Age of Bling in Europe i people made sure to distinguish themselves as wealthy jewels silk adornments ii the more scare something was the more valuable Queen Elizabeth had a gold ring w rubies Rubies only came from Asia c Asia was the center of luxury goods i Rubies sapphires pearls stones porcelain tea spices silk ii No wool England decided they would start market there d How does England get to Asia i Spain and Portugal control waterways don t want to help Protestant England Both catholic countries ii Northwest Passage North part of North America unknown People thought
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