The origins of the United States: From Colonies to nation (1754-1865?)(1865 end of civil war)(1754 French and Indian war)Theme the accidental beginning of the united statesWhat is the United States?Who relocated the Timucua? And Why?French and Indian war or the Seven Years War, 1754-1763Washington’s first military experience was the first battle of this war, lost very badlyCombatants: American colonists, great Britain, and their native American allies battle France, Spain, and their native American allies for control of north America(French controlled mid west while Britain controlled the east coast, after the war all is controlled by Britain)Consequences:Everything east of Mississippi river and most of Canada was owned by BritainThis is why the Timucua had to leave because France made a dealWho won the war?Britain didColonists won the war only in the sense that they are a part of Britain because they benefit from the territories gainedIndians? Most native groups didn’t fair as badly as the Timucua, the Indians are still there,What are the consequences of the war for the surviving Native Americans?The Iroquois ConfederacyBetween empiresWhat did this do for the Iroquois?Could get goods from both French and English merchants so this means they had some price controlThis meant they could also arm themselves more effectively (traded and said that if French wouldn’t give them better weapons they’ll go trade with Britain insteadStrong bargaining position (leverage)1. Control the Northeast fur trade2. Control movement of goods between English and French colonies3. Leverage favorable military trade terms by playing French and British off against each otherWhat does the French and Indian war mean for Iroquois power?How does this shift reshape Iroquois power?Does it make them more or less powerful? Think of small countries during the cold warThey are able to leverage their position because of where they are located (between those two entities)Do Iroquois win the war? No they did not, they fought for both sides, after they war they had no two people to trade with and control prices etc. now they are surrounded by the British so they cant do that anymore (not the only tribe to do that), British knew this, cant play these powers off each other anymoreNo Indian tribe won the warBritishWhat cost victory1. Vast new territory to govern2. Enemy combatants now Britons (many Indian groups had allied with France)(thousands of “Quebequois”)3. Decades of hostility between English colonists and these former French subjects. Threat of Civil war? A real possibility4. Financial problems: cost of global war combined with cost of administering vast new territory (borrow money to pay for wars, major debt)Now have to control enormous land and has this huge debt to deal with tooFirst sign of trouble: Pontiac’s Rebellion 1763A lot of people nervous about living as English subjects so these people ban together and attack the BritishAttack 9 of the 12 newly gained forts, (shows British this huge new territory this will be hard to control), seized many of themIntervention: Massachusetts and Virginia like two countriesWhat happened to these two ‘countries’ during the French and Indian war?First political cartoon, 1754 (snake cut into 8 pieces, created by Ben Franklin, 8 colonies that why 8 pieces, says join or die, S.C, N.C., V., M., P., N.J., N.Y., N.E., war started in 55 and Franklin thought that only way they could win was if the colonies and the British joined together)Can the colonies continue to live as separate, unrelated entities?A shared security threat means…Dangers coming from the west (territories occupied by the French and Indians, likely to be the origin of their demise)1765: for the first time the British colonists of north America begin thinking of themselves as a distinct unified geopolitical entityAre we now only Virginians and Massachuttans? Are we now only subjects of the king of England?Summary: what does the war do to the colonies?Forced sense of unity and common identity(Think about Europe now)(did this make the United States?)came together because they had a common enemy1765: Britain acts to bring peace to north America.How?Britain has to find a way to calm things downTax the coloniesThe Stamp tax (kind of like sales tax, if you are in colonies and you purchase anything made of paper it must have a gov. stamp on it which means you paid the tax)No taxation without representationConsequences1. Convening of the “continental congress” at Philadelphia (vote on things together, all the colonies send members, important because they have come together to act as one entity, some send more delegates than others,)2. Repeal of the stamp tax3. British government faces new problems in America…not only does it have to kep the peace among all the new and diverse subjects of the british crown (native peoples, Frenchmen [catholic], Englishmen [protestants]) now must pay to kkep the peace between these new territories they gained and now even their own peoplecan governments ignore such questions?Colonists rejection of the stamp tax and subsequent taxes, signed in part to pay for a victory in war real a serious problem in British governmentBritain chooses not toThe declaration of independence signedWho won the French and Indian war?Did the colonists win? Did the war get them a new, independent country called the united states?Americans won, made them join together,Who wrote the declaration?A Virginian…Thomas JeffersonWho persuaded the contienental congress ot take up the issue of independenceJohn Adams of MassachusettsWhat of our earlier story about the vast differences between these two now former colonies?Are mass and Virginia still as different as two different countries?America’s first “constitution”The “articles of confederation” ratified in 1777Are these still British colonies on mainland north First time these came together to write something like this/make them one common entity(America south of Canada)Is there a single entity know as the united states, governed by a supreme central governing entity?Article 3: a league of friendship, describes a defense alliance, only think that links these very diverse coloniesFrench and Indian WarWho won?Timucua = losersOther natives (Iroquois) = a disaster (a loser)Enjoyed a geopolitical advantage (between French and british so they pited them against each other, lose this after the war)France = losersLost all of their
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