Oct. 28Oct. 30Nov. 4Nov. 6Nov. 11- (Veterans Day)Nov. 13Nov. 18Nov. 20thNov 25thDec. 2Dec. 4AMH 2010 NotesFall Semester 2013: After Exam 1--- Oct. 28- Dec. 4Oct. 28- From 1660-1720s, there is a change from contract labor to slave labor in Virginia…Why?1. Rise in the cost of labor. (Fewer willing servants mean they become more expensive and approach the price of a slave).2. Socio-economic stratification: reduced competition in tobacco market. Those who can afford to stay in the business can afford slaves.3. Transformation of the slave trade: rise of English royal Africa Co. (1660)---means massive expansion of Anglo-Atlantic slave trade.- For the first time a private British concern is able to transport African slaves to the colonies.Total Population:- Virginia 1710: 60,000---25-30% were slaves- Mass. 1710- 60,000---1/2% slaves1660-1713: 23,000 Africans brought to Virginia and Maryland.1660-1713: 160,000 Africans went to West Indies- From 1500-1800: about 9.2 million slaves brought to the Americas. What do slaves get you? If you can afford to buy enough, they can form families and reproduceOct. 30 From a society with slaves to a slave society; slavery becomes the dominant labor system in Virginia- Southern North American Colonies export:o Riceo Tobaccoo NOT cotton- English tribes, not tribe.- Virginia and Mass. As different as two separate countries. What happened to the Native People? Did they disappear?o English encountered them in 1600s upon arriving- St. Augustine, 1763: 59 surviving Timucua o 1763-1765: Timucua relocated by Spanish government to Guanabacoa, Cubao 1765: Virtually no Timucua in NA Is there a United States at this point?o NO So what happened to the Timucua?o Spanish colony of Floridao St. Augustine: 1565o Jamestown: 1607o Mass. Bay: 1630Religion- Mass: Protestant- Virginia: Protestant- Florida: CatholicPopulation: NA European Pop. 1710- Mass. – 60,000- Virginia – 55,000- Florida – 5000Economy:- Mass.- Diverse agricultural and modest mercantile- Virginia- Plantation agriculture- Florida- Livestock, modest agricultureSettlement Patterns- Mass. – Towns- Virginia – Tobacco Plantations- Florida – Catholic missionso Who lives in the missions? Spanish friars (similar to priests). Spanish soldiers Spanish artisans and merchants Local Appalachian Indians- Indigenous Floridians had a food surplusNov. 4 Timucua had approx. 200,000 people in 1492Pre-Colonial Economies:1. Multiple sources of food: agriculture, hunting, gathering2. Village life- defined by kin3. Inter-tribal trade based on domestic, local manufactures- 1765: No more Timucua in Florida- Timucua goods- Pottery, arrowheads, etc.o This was the intro of Spanish trade goods, including: Metal goods: flints, buckles, knives, etc. Glass goods: mainly for wine and oil Cycles of Dependence: Intro of European trade goodso Timucua abandoned traditional arts and become more reliant on European tradeConsequences:- Increasingly dependent on Spanish for security, trade, etc. Is this good for the Timucua?NO1. Epidemics: Missions along North Florida’s Camino Reala. 1659: 10,000 Timucua Fall to a measles outbreak.2. Wara. Concentration of natives around missions much more vulnerable to attack. Origins of the military threat to Florida?- 1663: Founding of the Carolina Colonyo Carolina Colony is a slave economy- Florida is not a slave EconomyCimarrones: decades of fleeing African slaves.Nov. 6- Spaniards arm their Indian allies as well as run away slaves as a “first line of defense” against enemies.Retaliatory raids: Attack missions and Timucua settlements and enslave surviving Timucua for sale in Indian slave trade.- In many cases, the Natives are captured on accident- English Assault: 1715- War becomes business like: Indian Slave Tradeo Between 1670-1715: 25,000-50,000 South east natives sold between 15,000-30,000 Florida natives sold It is estimated that more natives were sold than Africans were imported in Charleston- 1717: Spanish authorities report a total of 250 Timucua people in a refugee camp The Carolina Colony isn’t the only slave exporting colony- 1763- Treaty of Paris brings French and Indian war to an end- St. Augustine people were exported to Cuba (as well as the rest of the Timucua) Is the Timucua Story typical???o They were entangled in wars, as were other natives. However, their population decreased from 200,000 down to 50, which is not typical.Nov. 11- (Veterans Day)Nov. 13Part 2: The origins of the United States from colonies to a nation (1754-1865?)- July 4, 1776 the Declaration of Independence is signed- Written by Thomas Jefferson (a Virginian), and also helped by Ben Franklin (Pennsylvania) and others- The earliest advocates of Independence were Samuel Adams and John Adams(both from Boston and cousins) Are Mass. and Virginia still considered to be as different as two countries? Did the Declaration make a group of colonies into one united nation? How many constitutions has the United States had?o TWO- The Articles of Confederation, written in 1777 and ratified in 1781, and the current constitution- Two traits of nationhood:o Independent?o United? The states needed to come together for purposes of war.1. Independent- did revolution allow colonies to achieve independence?a. United States is completely surrounded by Spain and Englandb. America was worried England would try to settle the west and eventually move to the East.c. The revolution did not make the U.S. truly independent, nor did it make the colonies united. What is the government called under the articles? o Continental CongressNov. 18 After the revolution was the United States truly independent on an International stage?o No, they were surrounded by countries that wanted to see them fail. Was the U.S. really united? What did the new (1789) constitution do?o It shifted the balance of power from the states to each entity Does the second constitution unify the U.S.?- Delegates from 12 states met in Philly (Rhode Island boycotted) What is the single most difficult question the framers of the constitution faced?o Proper representation; they needed a “house” to represent the people- Population:o Virginia: More than 700,000; which is 20% of the U.S.o Mass.: 380,000- States with more people get more representatives (House of Reps.)-The South wanted slaves to count toward representatives. The North disagreed with this, so the 3/5th
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