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AMH NotesPush #3- Religious ConflictsAMH NotesAug 28- First immigration- History of US beginning 13,000-15,000 years ago through Bering land bridge during the last great Ice Age- Consequences of land bridge- Animals began to move, which forced hunters to move as well.- Qualities all American immigrants share:o Mobility- tradeo Adaptability- money, innovation (Teocentli into maize)o Diversity- what types of housing/language- Native Americans have these three qualities as well- Artifacts can show that people traded throughout America- First Americans were very mobile- Adaptability- money- Find something that you are capable of doing and trade for other goods- First form of currency is a shell used to make beads called wompom- First people to interbred grasses to produce maize- Corn allowed people to have an agricultural abundance which allowed them to do other thingSept. 2 (Labor Day)Sept. 4- Creeks were Muskogean speakers living in and around rivers and creeks of southern Georgia and Alabama, named Creeks by English fur traders.- Cimarrones- African and Native American slaves who fled St. Augustine and other Spanish settlements along the Camino Real between St. Augustine and Mission St. Louis.o Cimarrone means ‘feral’, wild or unrulyo Self liberated slaves called by the Spanish “Cimmarones”o Cimarrones intermarry with Muskogean-speaking creeks- Corn allowed people to not have to focus on collecting food all the time- Mounds show a wealthy population- Northwest coast fisheries create another easy food source- Creation of preserved fish by nativesDiversity:- Types of houses- Language and Identity: Non-literate people identify themselves through speech.o Non literate: No use of writing in the languageSept. 9- Many groups came before the English---How does the English Immigrant Story compare to the Indian Immigrant story?The First Immigrant Story:- Mobility: Criss-cross the Atlantic oceano Settlements: The mainland colonies of NAo Hawaiians were very skilled at sailing- Adaptability: Farming, economic systems, hunting, gathering, trade- Diversity: Language, very little diversityo Religious: Yes, protestant, catholic, etc.---Were the English as diverse as the Native Pop of NA?No they were not. The English thought they found land with relatively few native people. That wasn’t the case; many of the natives had been killed of sickness.---1492… the colonial era beginsHow does the English Immigrant story compare to the Indian immigrant story??- Mobileo Criss-cross the Atlantic Oceano Indian immigrants were more mobileDiversity? —Not reallyLanguage? –Not reallyReligion?- Protestantso “Puritans”o “Anglicans”- Catholics---What did the Europeans think they found?- A relatively empty landscape, sparsely populated by relatively weak Native societies.Sept. 11Main colonies: Plymouth, Boston, Providence, and JamestownJamestown (1607)Plymouth (1620)Massachusetts (1630)- No Great Britain until 18th century- 1707 Royal union of kingdoms of Scotland and England.- 1603, King James of Scotland also becomes king of EnglandWhy did they come?1. “Pushes”- Internal, Domestic factors2. “Pulls”- External, geo-political, or foreign factors.Pushes1. England forces its own demographic crisis 1550s-1600: English population doubles from 2.5 mil to 5 mil2. Economic change- nearly as dramatic as the Industrial Revolutiona. Inflation- money is worth lessb. Reduction in real wages, they fell as much as much as half in the second half of the 16th century3. Laws- The Enclosures: Monarch allows landowner to transform agricultural land into pasturelands. Monarch gives real ownershipa. Land owners lobby to use land to raise the sheep and collect wool9/16/13Money: English monarchs want money. They have very little. Export commodities do what?- Monarchs were very land and property rich, but had little cash- Wool - liquid commodity, very easy to turn into cash- Bring wool outside London, sell it. Then bring money back to London---What did the Enclosures do???- Drove large number of peasants from land- “Cottiers” or “cotters”- new class of landless peasantsSocial Problems: - Unemployment or underemployment.- Idleness- (Being unproductively employed)- Rising rates of felonious crime- Vagrancy is a crime**Their solution was to send criminals (unemployed to idle) abroad- English drive to move to Americao Economic Pusho Demographic Crisiso Religious Conflict- Enclosures- Monarch allows landowners to transform agricultural land into pasture landso They drove large numbers of peasants from the lando “Cottiers” or “cotters”. A new class of “landless peasants”.o ^ Named for cots they carried around with them- What’s good for the English monarch may not be good for everyone else- First two “pushes”o Population Boom (England’s population doubles around 1550-1600)o Economic Change- What comes of this is social problems (unemployment, rising crime, idleness. Etc.)- Get criminals/unemployed out of England- Protestant Reformation an on-going processSept. 18 & 23 & 25Push #3- Religious Conflicts- Henry VIII: Created the church of England (1533)- Results in intense disagreement over the next 110 years, England in constant conflict, resulting in civil war (1642-1660)----Two Sources of Conflict:1. Disagreement among protestants2. Catholicism: many remained loyal to Catholic Church1620: Plymouth Colony Protestant “separatists”1630: Massachusetts Bay Colony “Puritans”1637: Maryland, England’s Catholic ColonyPulls1. National Securitya. Spain the dominant world power in a catholic empireb. Spain came to power by absorbing huge quantities of New World Goldand Silverc. Profound threat to English Security: Catholic Power with vast financial resourcesd. Sir Francis Drake- 1540-1596- pirate- Privateer: State-sponsored Pirate, support bases for privateers. - 1585 Sir Walter Ralegh establishes a colony at Roanoke2. Economic Problems: Need new market for English goods, especially woola. Mid sixteenth century: Collapse of Antwerp wool market- Tea, spices, silk, precious commodities come from Asia- Mid-Sixteenth Centuryo Collapse of Antwerp wool marketo East Indies (Asia)- many precious commoditiesHow to get from England to Asian Markets?Northwest Passage- Portugal is a huge Masitime power- It isn’t possible to sail over North America to AsiaFirst colony: Roanok 1585-? FAILEDSecond Colony: Virginia Colony-1607: A good year, successfulWhere is Virginia?3 types of colonies:- Outpost-


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FSU AMH 2010 - Lecture notes

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