CH 1 What Shaped Our World 04 12 2015 VOCABULARY MERCANTALISM a system by which imperial government used military power to enrich themselves and their supporters then used those riches to enhance their military power Peace of Westphalia the settlement that ended the Thirty Years War in 1648 often said to have created the modern state system because it included a general recognition of the principals of sovereignty and nonintervention Sovereignty the expectation that states have legal political supremacy aka ultimate authority within their territorial boundaries HEGEMONY the predominance of one nation state over others PAX BRITANNICA a century long period beginning with Napoleon s defeat and ending with the outbreak of WWI during which Britain s economic and diplomatic influence contributed to economic openness and relative peace GOLD STANDARD the monetary system in which countries tied their currencies to gold at a legally fixed price TREATY OF VERSAILLES The peace b w the Allies and Germany that end WWI in 1919 LEAGUE OF NATIONS A permanent international security organization formed in the aftermath of WWI which was replaced by the United Nations after WWII NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION NATO A military alliance created in 1949 to bring together many Western European nations the US and Canada forming the military bloc during the Cold War BRETTON WOOD SYSTEM The economic negotiated among allied nations at Bretton Wood New Hampshire in 1944 which led to a series of cooperative arrangements involving commitment to relatively low barriers to international trade and investment WARSAW PACT a military alliance formed in 1955 between Soviet Union and Eastern Europe during the Cold War DECOLONIZATION the process of shedding colonial possessions I Cooperation Through History 1800s Relative Peace Prosperity Early mid 1900s Wars Depression o WWI o WWII o Great Depression Late 1900s Economic Globalization 2000s Still unknown o No great wars II Mercantilist Era 1492 1815 European take over o 1492 marked the wave of explorers conquerors traders and settlers of the New World from W Europe o They establish a globalization of crops economic products germs precious metals and spices o They establish a system that controlled trade and other economic activity which would favor the mother country over the colonies Example The British Tobacco made in the US couldn t be sold to Thirty Years War 1618 1648 anyone but Britain o French Dutch vs Spain German States o War over greed territorial control and ideologies o Peace of Westphalia ends the war Establishes the principal of sovereignty A bunch of wars then happen o 7 Years War aka French Indian War 1756 1763 Britain vs France Both pursued mercantilist policy but want to protect different economic policies British win ended French presence in the New World o American Revolution 1776 Nothing like it in world history Inspired by European thinkers Inspires French revolution o French Revolution 1789 Much bloodier than American Revolution This then led the Napoleonic Wars 1804 15 Almost took over all of Europe but then defeated by the British in Waterloo Establish Britain as World Power sealing international hegemony o Security is dominance Especially through military power o Control of markets and resources o Zero sum bargaining among states This means one wins and one loses no win win situation o Few international institutions beyond the norm of sovereignty Interest Interaction Institutions III Pax Britannica 1815 1914 The 100 Years of Peace o No major wars happen because Major powers finlike before were interested in trading investing worldwide establishing more cooperation British hegemony Industrial Revolution o Started understanding trade meant more power than territory o Exchange replaces mercantilism o Economic integration liberalization of world trade increases o Industrial Revolution causes for Migration Free trade communication Gold standard Which encouraged transportation and International trade investment and immigration grew dramatically Interests Interactions Institutions o Economic wealth through trade investment o Informal diplomacy Example Number of Congress world leaders talk o State cooperation in security and economic affairs o British hegemony o Concert of Europe Which originally was known as the Holy Alliance that aimed at facing revolutionary threat IV The Thirty Years Crisis 1914 1935 Europe divides into two hostile camps due to the changes in power o Germany Austria Hungary Ottoman Empire Central Powers vs Britain France and Russia Allied Powers After WWI 1920 o Collapse of Ottoman Austria Hungary and Russian Monarchy Russia becomes 1st Communist country o Treaty of Versailles ends war Labels Germany with thee cause of WWI They had to pay the victors o Did not cause but didn t help avoid the Great Depression of 1929 o Countries turn inward Leads to WWII Causing for the rise of leaders like Adolf Hitler o Japan Germany Italy Axis Power vs Soviet Union US Britain and France Allied o Germany surrenders o In hopes of Japanese surrender US drops nuclear bomb Japan surrenders several days later o Security through alliances expansion and economic self sufficiency very limited trade One country raises a tariff another country raises Interests Interactions o WWI WWII o Beggar thy neighbor policies Institutions o The League of Nations Established after WWI US not a full member V The Cold War 1945 1990 NATO SEATO OAS vs Warsaw Pact Cold War Phases o Intense Competition 1945 mid 1960s The block of Berlin from the Western zone o D tente mid 1960s 1979 Vietnam War More competition SU puts missiles in Cuba Relative calmness between NATO and Warsaw o Renewed tensions 1979 1991 With Iraq Conflicts of Latin America o Fall of Berlin Wall in 1989 and end of Soviet Union in 1991 o Superpowers and allies sought to maximize global influence o All countries sought gains in wealth o Bipolar structure turned more pluralistic o Coercive diplomacy slowly yielded to bargaining o U S supported institutions survived o Soviet institutions lacked legitimacy Institutions Interactions Institution VI Post Cold War Collapse of USSR o Mikhail Gorbachev took over and moved quickly to improve relations with the US Brought down Berlin Wall Withdrew from Afghanistan Broke up USSR into 15 new non communist countries Cooperation o Trade amongst countries began to rise again Most developing countries welcomed foreign trade and investment o International Organizations The
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