11 9 15 AMH 2010 Lecture Westward Expansion and Manifest Destiny 1 Introduction Westward expansion in many ways defined middle of 19th century Desire for more land drove American politics and policy Patterns of settlement displacement of native people and conflict with other European powers continued Territorial expansion tied to ideas about American Exceptionalism Westward expansion is in many ways fueled by intellectual power Had immense cultural impact 2 Territorial Expansion and Settlement recap 3 Louisiana Purchase 1803 A Rivers and Shipping Shipping on the Ohio River B 1 New Orleans Louisiana Purchase 1 The French 2 Haiti Revolution American Progress 1872 there were 10 000 Native Americans that are in these populations 4 Manifest Destiny American Progress 1872 there were 10 000 Native Americans that are in these popualtions A John O Sullivan 1st used manifest destiny idea coined in 1845 article for the annexation of Texas 1 Annexation of Texas 1845 o Debate whether Texas should be a part of the United States o Henry Clay didn t want to annex Texas because it will because he wanted it to be equal slave states and free states and the acquirement of Texas would throw off the balances vs James Polk who B Election of 1844 between Clay and Polk Polk wins the election C Background o John Winthrop City Upon a Hill o The Frontiersman were building on things that were already there o Asian Mexican and African Americans were not included as the Frontiersman D Race because they are 5 Territorial Acquisitions A Texas the annexation of Texas was seen as beneficial This was not enough B Oregon it was a shared territory by the British and United States population was diverse There was death on the Oregon Trail primary by diseases and war o The Oregon trail would not allow non white European to come along and or pass area This will stay this way until 1840 o Paul Kane Willamette Valley o A migration from Willamette Valley to Montana The Oregon Trail 1843 1869 through C The Southwest o The division of 1846 was the Treaty Line of 1846 1 Mexican American War 1846 1848 o The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 2 Gadsden Purchase the United States added the Gadsden Purchase from Arizona and New Mexico o After the purchase of the Gadsden Purchase the United States is finally complete 3 Settlement of California was the Gold Rush o People would come from all over the world to dig for gold 6 Conclusion o The Original 13 Colonies o Florida Purchase of 1819 Key Terms Empire of Liberty Henry Clay James Polk James Winthrop City Upon a Hill Daniel Boone Willamette Valley Oregon Trail Native Americans American Exceptionalism Oregon Treaty of 1846 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Gold Rush The Chinese 11 13 15 Lecture Slavery and Abolitionism 1820s 1860s 1 Introduction o Slavery tied to cotton agriculture in Southern states o Slavery dominates American politics and political discourse o Territorial expansion and issue of slavery are linked o In 1830s abolitionist movement matures o Pro Slavery advocates push back o BIG IDEA Slavery dominated American society and politics during 1820s 1850s 2 Slavery as an Institution o Slaves and the Cotton Belt in 1850 o Increased about 700 000 to 2 300 000 million in 1850 a distribution of enslaved African Americans o The southern state provided about 2 3rd of Cotton o Cotton as an Export A Life of Slaves 1 Food and Clothing o Modest rations o Corn and bad meat that the owners didn t want and molasses and mostly given on Saturdays o Clothing distributed by owner by sex age and job most times during the holidays children would not be given new clothes but they would get hand me downs o Slave quarters which are very small cabins 2 Shelter 3 Social Positions o Field work o Informants o House Slave o Overseer 4 Abuse o Branded o Chained and Whipped o Sexual abuse 3 Expansion of Slavery Territorial Expansion A Slavery and Territorial Expansion Link Why United States 1818 1 Missouri Compromise 1820 o Maine admitted as free state o Missouri admitted as slave state o Remainder of Louisiana Territory dived along 36 degrees 30 minutes North o South of line slavery was legal north of the line slavery was banned with o Mexican Cession 1848 was the exception main leaders were Polk and Clay exception of Missouri o Calhoun and Clay 2 Compromise of 1850 3 Kansas Nebraska Act 1854 o California admitted as free state o Utah and New Mexico Territory would decide for themselves whether they would be a slave state or a free state popular sovereignty o Slave trade outlawed in Washington D C o Congress pass Fugitive Slave Act 1850 o Popular Sovereignty Principle that territories can decide issue on their own o Split Nebraska Country in two o Southern portion became Kansas territory o Northern portion became Nebraska territory o Both territories have popular sovereignty o Agreement effectively repeals Missouri Compromise slavery is now north of 36 30 o Wage war and was named Bleeding Kansas that lasted 3 to 5 years 4 Anti Slavery Arguments and Abolitionist Movement o Coalesced in the early 1830s o Owed to efforts of free blacks and white reformers in the North o Owed to disruption of Market Revolution o Owed to religious enthusiasm of 2nd Great Awakening 1 Religious Argument white reformers o Moral imperative of 2nd Great Awakening was extremely important o Abolitionists were very concerned with improving moral character of society and eliminating sin from the world o Slavery contradicted teachings of the Bible o Slavery was a sin slaveholders would be damned to hell 2 Frederick Douglass 1818 1895 o Slavery is inhumane 5 Pro Slavery Argument and Pushback A Legal Argument 3 William Lloyd Garrison skipped this during lecture but MUST READ in the book o Was based on the idea of property rights slave owners should be allowed to maintain property wherever they want new territories Ex Kansas o Argued by John C Calhoun and others B Religious Argument o Based on Biblical interpretations Bible lacked admonition against slavery Bible contained passages that seem to legitimize slavery 6 Conclusion o Idea of Christian Mercy slave owners saved slaved from lifetime of infidelity life without Christ Without slave owners slaves would be damned to hell Slave owners save souls o Slavery economic foundation of South o Slavery linked to territorial expansion o Both slave and free states fear upsetting balance and power in Congress o Both proslavery advocates and abolitionist craft arguments to support their positions and
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