Terrorism Outline Definition o The use or threatened use of violence with the objective of seeking policy change A decline in terrorism after the cold war is seen because by then many countries that had wanted national liberation had gotten it Terrorist attacks must be aganst non combatants civilians injured people medical personnel POWs etc Terrorism is in essence the use or threatened use of violence with the objective of seeking policy change Using terror may be preferred to other forms of warfare when 1 The terror group faces an overwhelmingly powerful adversary Asymmetric warfare 2 The group s adversary is responsive to its population demands 3 The terrorist group has a small constituency Extremist groups Terrorists seem to choose targets respond to risks and adapt in rational ways o Terrorism as bargaining failure o Is terrorism bargaining On can view terrorism as a failure of bargaining because if the objective of the bargain is not obtained peacefully than terror may be used to get it Credible commitment issue Indivisibility Bargaining with terrorists is impossible you can t give terrorists some things because if the objective of the bargain is not obtained peacefully than terror may be used to get it Credible commitment issue Indivisibility o Bargaining with terrorists is impossible you can t give terrorists some things because if you give them anything than you give them everything Terrorism strategies o Coercion Target is uncertain about Terrorist s capabilities or resolves purple arrow Terrorist attacks to make its demands credible red arrow o Provocation Home pop is uncertain about the interests of the Target and Terrorist Terrorist attacks Target to provoke a response o Spoiling Target is uncertain about Home s ability or desire to honor agreement and restrain extremists o Outbidding Home is uncertain about Terrorist s interests and capabilities Counterterrorism strategies include the following Deterrence A threat that states if you attack us we will unleash hell on you o A way to get people to deter o Can only measure when deterrence fails o Does not always work but likely a highly successful preventative strategy Defense can limit terrorism and make it harder for them to succeed Preemption we think you re going to attack so we re going to attack first o More likely to provoke then deterrence Criminalization arrests that occur often across borders Negotiation Communication among nations to come to agreement Coexistence Balance of diversity and equality
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