Review for midterm Timeline 10 11 2010 America o 30 000 BC Ice age and a hunk of land emerged doesn t exist anymore sea levels diminished now kind of North America o 5000 BC ancestors migrated down to southern tip of North o Cimarron s and the creeks join together so cimarrone becomes cimallones and by the 19th century it became Seminoles o A century and a half before the first European settlers the Indians suffered an epidemic resulting in massive loses of life trade routes made it easy for disease to spread which killed lots of Indians o 1442 the colonial era begins o 1565 St Augustine founded 1565 oldest European city o 1575 1579 martin Frobisher 3 voyages in search of northwest passage o First Colony Roanoke 1585 o 1588 Spain attempted to invade England and gain the thrown major storm made it impossible for Spain to get to England so they were unable to accomplish this o Second Colony Virginia 1607 o 1607 Jamestown o 1618 reforms a new business plan Virginia o 1622 Powhattan rebellion of 1622 o 1624 Virginia company bankrupt government takeover Virginia becomes taken over by the crown o Third Colony Massachusetts Bay colony 1630 o 1660 London burns to the ground o Fourth Colony 1663 founding of Carolina Colony o 1672 the English crown charters the royal African Company o 1680 1686 RAC royal African company transports roughly 5000 slaves a year to the Americas o 1698 end of RAC monopoly o By 1700 English slave traders are transporting roughly 20 000 slaves a year to the Americas o 1703 04 English soldiers and their Indian allies attack Spanish and Indian settlements in north Florida Around 5 000 local natives taken captive o There similar English assault in 1715 o 1717 Spanish authorities report a total of250 Timucua all crowded into a refugee camp outside of St Augustine safest place because English wont attack so close to their fort o 1763 treaty of Paris brings French and Indian war to end o By 1763 only 59 surviving Timucua in St Augustine Florida Spain forced to cede Florida to Great Britain St Augustine is evacuates mostly to Cuba 59 surviving Timucua settle in Guanabacoa Cuba o 1763 65 Timucua refuges relocated by the Spain government to Guanabacoa Cuba Vocabulary o Mobility trade routes trace the movement of indigenous goods traced it into the eastern and western parts of north America o Adaptability translates into cultural achievement and diplomatic success money is an important part of this o Diversity differences Best measure of diversity is language o Muskogean speakers speak a variety of muskegean family languages creek Indians were muskeogean speakers o Cimarrones renegade vagrant negative term people who abandoned society Cimarrone literally means feral wild or unruly o Enclosures monarch allows land owners to transform agricultural land into pasture lands build fences of stone around their land to make the land pasture for sheep etc enclosure to denote the fenced in nature of pastures o Cotiers a new class of landless peasants named for the cots they carried around with them o Privateer state sponsored pirate can keep what you find but you have to give us some private thing to citizens of England best known was Sir Francis Drake first navigation of globe as well o Colony Enterprise to support and make money for its investors o Settlement colony A colony whose primary purpose is the settlement or relocation of the population o Indenture Transfers a persons rights of themselves to another person for a certain amount of time 3 9 years convicts redemptioners people who came over and have to work to pay back money it took to get here people who did this to get to America o Slave society is a society dependant on slaves VA o Society with slaves a society that has slaves but is not dependant on them MB colony Important notes Indians had o Mobility trade routes o Adaptability money wompom shells trade more diversity in food being able to survive o Diversity many different languages o Cimarrones and the creeks join together Europeans came across Atlantic ocean Indians had been destroyed by disease small pox and influenza just before the settlers came which wiped out many of them because of trade routes made diseases easier to spread Why English came to America o Pushes o Pulls 1 Population boom population double from 2 5 million to 5 million this caused inflation and reduction in wages made things to make a living more expensive and they aren t getting paid as much which meant a lot more poor people cost of living goes up and quality of living goes down 2 Economic change British crown pushed for enclosures this caused more cotiers and more poor people caused crime vagrancy and idleness 3 Religious conflict protestant reformation going on many don t like the catholic church and want it out of England 1 Global contest for Christianity other catholic countries Spain and Portugal expanded to achieve money gaining money allows them to build bigger armies and become more powerful they tried to take over England but a storm stopped them England wants to get in on this so they have to start thinking about over seas control 2 Economic problems collapse of wool market primary export in 16th cent England only other place they can sell is west indies but cant go thought the original trade route because it is in Portugal s control so they have to go the long way want to go to gain more valuable things from new world and need ports to stop at for trade with west indies and these new products from the new world why they started making colonies 2 pulls or extrinsic factors leading to England s quest to colonize America national security and trade o See below for differences between MB and VA Three colonial labor systems o 1 The Family o 2 Indentured Servitude o 3 Slavery o 4 Wage labor work for which you get paid The wife is the head of the household and is in charge of everything from slaughtering animals to making everything the house needs candles soap etc At least of all European immigrants to colonial north America came as indentured servants For the most part of the 17th cent roughly half of all indentured servant immigrants came to the Chesapeake area Between 1680 and 1750 there is a major jump in the number of indentured servants in Virginia 7 to 49 Most indentured servants up until 1660 because they were almost half of the price of slaves Because of the fire in London the cost to live in VA goes up and less want to go there become indentured servants because there is work
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