TYPE THE COMPANY NAME Type the document title Type the document subtitle Rachel 08 31 2011 09 07 2011 INTRODUCTION Lecture Notes 1 KEY TERMS 3 Contents INR2002 Introduction Page 1 INR2002 Introduction 08 31 2011 INTRODUCTION Lecture Notes I Why care about international politics a Historically American attitudes have been isolationist i 2 alliance treaties before 1952 ii After 1952 thousands b American attitudes and politics changed dramatically after WWII c d Today s global problems often need multilateral solutions Increased economic and political interdependence II What we study conflict and cooperation a Conflict and cooperation in international politics are not constant i ii If cooperation is good why can t countries cooperate all the time If conflict is bad why do countries fall into cycles of terrible violence III Tools we use to study international politics i When observations don t meet paradigms what you know a Puzzles b Theories c Hypothesis i Attempts to answer the puzzles i If theory is true expect to observe IV What is International Politics a Domestic politics differs from international politics i Rules but no enforcement b Anarchy the absence of legitimate central authority V Actors in international politics a States b Nations i Territory population legitimacy sovereignty i Common beliefs culture language ii No defined territory c International governmental organizations i Members are states ii UN EU d Nongovernment Organizations i Human rights ICRC e Multinational Corporations f Individuals VI Paradigms of International Relations a Paradigms general beliefs about interests interactions and institutions 09 07 2011 i Realism 1 Machiavelli people should fear the government he was a bureaucrat and wrote the Prince in Italy while the Medici s were in charge Better to be feared than loved 2 Thomas Hobbes The Leviathan basically wanted to focus on how humans naturally are The state of nature for humans is nasty brutal and short so we need something to save humans from themselves the government 3 Henry Kissinger National security advisor during Nixon s reign a According to realist the most important thing is security and power b c d Realists say that international affairs are anarchic Interactions are conflictual In order to keep your power you have to eliminate competitors Page 2 INR2002 Introduction ii Liberalism John Locke Immanuel Kant perpetual peace 1 2 3 Adam Smith Wealth of Nations Lassie Faire a b c Interests people are always trying to get wealth Interactions cooperative and conflictual Institutions help actors cooperate iii Competing Paradigms 1 Stag Hunt Rousseau a iv Constructivism a conflict between safety and social cooperation Interested constructed through social interaction 1 Rather new concept that came around during the 1990 s 2 Interactions flexible not so constrained 3 4 Institutions are always evolving 5 Always based on meeting people Page 3 INR2002 Introduction KEY TERMS 1 Theory a logically consistent set of statements that explains a phenomenon of interest 2 3 4 Interests what actors want to achieve through political action their preferences over the outcomes that might result from their political choices Interaction the ways in which the choices of two or more actors combine to produce particular political outcomes Institution a set of rules known and shared by the community that structure political interactions in particular ways 5 Bargaining an interaction in which actors must choose outcomes that make one better off at the expense of another Bargaining is redistributive it involves allocating a fixed sum of value between different actors 6 Cooperation an interaction in which two or more actors adopt policies that make at least one actor better off relative to the status quo without making the others worse off 7 Anarchy the absence of a central authority with the ability to make and enforce laws that bind all actors Page 4
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