April 17 1 South opposes Lincoln as President a Unionists tries to calm down fire eaters b Alexander Stevens Unionist argues Lincoln hadn t done anything to bring about secession c Southerners thought he would free every slave in the south d Lincoln had promised to respect slavery in the places it already existed e Secessionists thought they needed to secede because they could no longer be protected from the North f White Southerners thought had to defend slavery because white people would then become just the same as black people 1 White people with slaves are going to have to work g South Carolina seceded from the United States on Dec 20 1860 1 By Dec 1861 6 other states from the Lower South had also seceded 2 Plantation owners 8 Confederate States of America Florida Montgomery Confederate States a Feb 4 1861 Representatives from South Carolina Georgia Alabama Mississippi Louisiana and Texas met in Alabama where they celebrated the birth of the of America 1 Declared themselves to be an independent nation 2 Elected Jefferson Davis as President 3 Alexander Stevens becomes Vice President VII The Civil War A Aftermath of Lincoln s Election 1 Most of Lower South had already seceded and other states were on the fence about it 2 Lincoln trying to conciliate the lower south and talking to upper south and trying to work it out with them 3 Goal is to show he is not going to abolish slavery 4 Upper South thought some people would want to maintain the Union a Goal is to establish Confederacy as independent republic on North a Dependent upon Unionists 5 He remained firm that states had the right to secede a But upholds the idea of the Union Jefferson Davis President of Confederacy 6 American continent b Sustain fever of secession to obtain permanence c Persuade upper south to join the confederacy 7 Neither Davis nor Lincoln want a war a Thought it could be solved through talking b Civil war was not inevitable in 1861 8 Union Forces at Fort Sumter April 1861 a Fired upon by Confederates b Fort Sumter considered a hated symbol of Yankee oppression in South Carolina supply men with food c Lincoln says he s not going to reinforce the men in the fort but will 1 Reinforcing would be an act of aggression d Lincoln upholds his promise to defend federal property and shifts decision for war upon Jefferson Davis e Confederacy bombs Fort Sumter for 33 hours until they surrender 1 No Union soldiers died f Lincoln calls up 75 000 militia men to serve for 90 days only until rebellion is put down 1 Indicated his confidence that this is just gunna blow over g Lincoln receives two times number of volunteers than he asked for 9 Upper South forced into a quandary a Throughout April and May 4 more join the confederacy and 4 more have to make a choice b Border states see both sides of the argument and side with the Union c 11 of 15 slave states joined Confederacy d Half of Virginia broke off into West Virginia B North and South at War 1 Both sides expects to win easily but neither side does 2 North advantages 3 South Confidence a Union have more wheat livestock iron firearms factory production wealth produced and larger population b Remaining 23 states in America have 22 million people South has 11 states with 9 1 million people where 40 are slaves a War of Northern aggression b Based on cotton c Believed their strength lasted on universal need for cotton d King Cotton Diplomacy cotton so valuable that there is no way e they couldn t win Jefferson Davis places cotton famine on entire world not exporting until war is over f Davis urges southern people to not buy northern goods which would cause the north to go bankrupt g Thought cotton would make Europe an ally of the Confederacy since British colonies were dependent on cotton h 1862 almost worked 2 million unemployed British employers and Great Britain almost got involved in the Civil War i Europe began looking around at other places to grow cotton such as Egypt and India j Growing trade between Great Britain and Union between their excess food supplies and Europe s war material 4 Many European countries thought the South would win a Because north had to conquer a vast area to subjugate and beat the south which would take a huge army b South can stay home stop invasions and avoid big battles c South has to outlast North s willingness to fight d South has to fight and can win by not losing big battles and not leaving the south not risking anything major defending borders 5 Lincoln s Strategy a Puts pressure on points that will make the South hard pressed b Blockades all ports in south can t export cotton c Two attack points one from North through Virginia other through West to cut Confederacy into two parts 6 Jefferson Davis a Wasn t much of a strategist b Argued with all of his subordinate 7 Lincoln no war experience a Master politician b Picked best men for the job Ulysses S Grant 8 Problems a South had to start from scratch make cannons uniforms guns etc without any factories b North had to get more recruits c Most confederacy soldiers slept outside without tents and without proper clothing and no shoes very undersupplied d Railroads couldn t deliver goods to South because they ran from cities to ports More railroads are captured and destroyed by North e Recruiting and supplying an army needs money f Both sides sell war bonds and turn to taxation g North revenues from taxation accounts of 1 5 and 1 20 in the South h Both printed paper money killed the South i Prices of various goods rise 1 North prices rise 80 2 South inflation is 9000 couldn t raise enough money via taxation 9 South wins a lot throughout the first year a But no side can take credit for a decisive victory 10 Union Victories at Western Theatres a Eastern theatre at stalemate 11 Blockade strangles South can t break through a Some smuggling occurs 12 Confederacy argues Europe should get involved a Lincoln thinks Europe should remain Neutral b Europe was afraid of backing the wrong side c Lincoln says if Europe backs the South says they are backing slavery d Europe stays out of conflict C War to Preserve or End Slavery 1 Lincoln says this a war to preserve the Union 2 Turns into a war for African American freedom but cant say that out front a Northerners don t want to risk life for abolition 3 Congress abolishes slavery as a whole in the District of Columbia a No more slavery in any territory in the United States
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