Chapter 5 What are collective security organizations What are some examples of collective security organizations organizations that try to govern relations among their members help provide tools for peaceful conflict resolution organize responses to acts of aggression United Nations League of Nations What are alliances Name some alliances we mentioned in class when states cooperate militarily represents attempts by small numbers of like minded states to look out for one another NATO When will alliances be successful Hint It involves sending a credible signal How do states credibly commit to alliances successful when allies have strong interests in coming to one another s aid alliances increase the costs of abandonment treaties are public reputation historically 75 of treaties are honored What is balance of power theory What are the problems with balance of power theory in explaining alliance formation a situation in which the military capabilities of two states of groups of state s are roughly equal when a balance of power exists no state or bloc has a clear military advantage over the other but an imbalance may threaten the weaker side s interests Why might alliance commitments be questionable states worry about becoming entrapped in wars by reckless allies Are alliances institutions or actors Why Not actors institutions because they are formed by states in responce to their own common interest States are the actors alliances between states are instituions How do states become entrapped in risky alliance commitments happens if states are too emboldened by having allies How does the United Nations Security Council vote on resolutions Who are the members of the UN Security Council 10 non permanent members 5 permanent US Britain France Soviet Union Russian and China All decisions require majority support including unanimous support from the P5 and only the P5 has veto power What is peacekeeping What is peace enforcement What are some examples of peacekeeping and peace enforcement missions Why were few peacekeeping missions authorized between 1946 and 1989 peacekeeping operations maintains peace after and interstate or civil war United Nations peace enforcement establishes peace among warring parties Korean War Persian Gulf War the UN Security Council was largely incapable of dealing with the US Soviet rivalry What is the responsibility to protect How is sovereignty reconceptualized under the responsibility to protect doctrine What just war principles govern humanitarian intervention according to the responsibility to protect norm or set of principles based on the idea that sovereignty is not a privilege but a responsibility sovereignty conceptualized as responsibility not control right intention last resort proportional means reasonable prospects Chapter 6 Why do countries restrict trade trade barriers reflect domestic interest The barriers lead to concentrated interests in domestic businesses Influential interest groups benefit from these tariffs What is trade liberalization What is protectionism What are some protectionist barriers that governments can use to restrict imports Who benefits from protectionism Who loses from protectionism trade liberalization creates winners and losers thus opponents and proponents protectionism is the use of specific measures to shield domestic producers from imports barriers are tariffs tax on imports quota limits the quantity and non tariff barriers to trade regulations targeted at foreign goods protection creates returns above the normal rate of profit by artificially restricting competition and supply Yet consumers of imported goods exporters and politicians who may be punished by citizens due to the cost that protection imposes on them How does the division of labor make international trade more profitable allows society to focus on different economic activities What is comparative advantage What is absolute advantage How are these two concepts different comparative advantage is producing a good at a lower opportunity cost than any other country absolute advantage is the ability to do something better than others absolute produces most efficiently but comparative produces at a lower opportunity cost How does the Heckscher Ohlin trade theory explain the patterns of trade we observe characterizes states in terms of nations factor endowments the material and human resources they posses According to the Heckscher Ohlin trade theory what are the basic factors of production land labor capital human capital How do noneconomic factors influence trade patterns trade between hostile nations is riskier than trade with friendly nations governments often pursue economic ties with their allies What is the Stopler Samuelson theorem Who benefits and who loses according to the Stolper Samuelson theorem Protectionism benefits the scarce factor of production but protection hurts the abundant factor under some economic assumptions constant returns perfect competition equality of the number of factors to the number of products a rise in the relative price of a good will lead to a rise in the return to that factor which is used most intensively in the production of the good and conversely to a fall in the return to the other factor benefits the scarce factors the losers would be the abundant factors Example Argentina is a land rich country and there is protectionism with free trade policy the consumer would benefit and the farmers would lose What is the Ricardo Viner explanation for trade policy preferences How is this different from the Stolper Saumuelson approach asks why whole industries often act together some factors of production are specific to particular industries a worker s interests flow from her sector of the economy rather than the factor she owns tends to favor supporters of protection Viner protects sectors Samuelson protects factors Why do almost all developed countries protect agriculture more cohesive and powerful interests are likely to get more government support the organization of one small group helps the unorganized big group sugarcane What is factor price equalization How does it work trade will tend to make wages and profits similar across countries prices of factors of production tend to become more equal What is the theory of hegemonic stability can ensure cooperation when numbers are large the existence of one very powerful nation helps solve collective action and free riding problems What is reciprocity in international trade
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