Exam 2 Notes US History March from Boston inwards to Concord Paul Revere warns of the British coming Lexington and Concord April 19 1775 o Meet the British in Lexington o British are forced back and turn around to retreat o The Americans start ambushing on their way back to Boston More than 250 British soldiers were killed or wounded Second Continental Congress o Philadelphia Penn o Offer peace treaty to the British June 1775 o Americans occupied wrong Hill on Boston Called it Bunker hill even though they occupy Breeds Hill instead British sent troops across Boston harbor to attack Americans on breeds hill Costs the British 1 100 casualties But they win George Washington o 1775 age 43 o Had already fought in the French and Indian War o Major voice against taxation in the colonies o Did not have artillery Early 1776 o Seized fort Ticonderoga Upstate NY o Had artillery o Moved artillery using sled and oxen in the middle of winter to bring artillery with them o Arrived in Boston in January 1776 o March 17 1776 the British evacuate Boston Thomas Paine Common Sense o First bestseller in the 13 colonies o Argued the colonists did not need England to be successful o Psychological breakthrough needed for independence June 1776 o 5 Congressman were sent to draft a declaration of independence o Thomas Jefferson June 28 1776 Document sent to Congress Revised and formally adopted on July 4 1776 Wouldn t quit until the war was over America would keep fighting until the war was over o British retaliate against the colonists Battle of Long island o Washington and the British fight a series of battles around New York city o August to November 1776 o British decimate Washington s forces Trenton December 26 1776 o American fisherman recued George Washington s army from the tip of Long Island on boats who rode them to safety in Manhattan The British followed them and forced Washington out of New York City Only had 3 000 men left in December from original 17 000 Kicked all the way across New Jersey o Washington moved back into New Jersey o Christmas Night 1776 until the next morning surround Trenton New Jersey o The British paid the Germans as soldiers o Alexander Hamilton was a Lieutenant in Washington s army Slit the throats of Germans at a listening post outside Trenton o Surrounded Trenton New Jersey Attacks in the morning of December 1776 4 Americans wounded in the attack Germans suffer 900 men captured and 100 killed Washington needed this victory to hold the Army together 9especially after the Battle Of Saratoga battle of New York 1777 British plan to march troops South from Canada Down the Hudson river March troops North from New York to cut off Massachusetts from the rest of the colonies o Think they will be able to stop the conflict October 1777 o Take Saratoga o First time the British Army had surrendered o 5 000 soldiers surrendered France allies with Americans British seized Philadelphia from the Americans o Lost them the Battle of Saratoga Decided to try and seize the Southern colonies rather than the northern colonies Most of the fighting past this point 1777 takes place in North and South Carolina Campaign of 1777 Valley Forge December 1777 enter winter quarters at Valley Forge Epidemic breaks out soldiers begin dying o Not a very good place to be early on French supplies are sent to the Army men from the French in early 1778 o They give them weapons also o Begin training Washington s soldiers through British soldiers o Well trained well equipped ready to battle In 1778 79 80 o British take Savannah GA and Charleston SC o General Charles Cornwallis British Voted against taxes 1780 leaves Charleston SC and marches to the interior stomp out any resistance to British occupation or rule o Horatio Gates Marches army into SC to oppose Cornwallis Many of his troops had stomach illnesses His army gets annihilated by the British Army o Cornwallis has SC pacified under British control Banastre Tarleton British Oxford educated Goes to America to fight for the British Became known as a dark man o Butchered wounded American soldiers he found in a field hospital that had been set up Believed all Americans must be killed to wipe out the conflict o Over 150 were killed in a hospital Became a turning point in the south The war in the south became filled with atrocity Men took their weapons and came to fight Wouldn t let their relatives and friends be killed in cold blood Cornwallis started moving North to North Carolina leaves loyalists in SC Surround royalist in Tennessee and kill them all o Patrick Ferguson lead the loyalists who were killed by the Banastre Tarleton sent to retaliate American mountain men Runs into Daniel Morgan An American General 1781 Cowpens Daniel Morgan put Militia out front told them to fire 2 shots and then run like they were retreating o British Run after them to find the real troops waiting behind a hill for them Morgan lost 50 Banastre Tarleton lost most of his men within 15 minutes Cornwallis realizes he can t hold North or South Carolina Southern army s too strong March to Yorktown Virginia to be evacuated 9 10 miles from Jamestown Washington and the French got word of this and set up a naval blockade in the waters outside Yorktown British fleet can t move in to pick him up o Only time the French ever won a naval battle against the British o George Washington s Army marches all the way from New York to surround Yorktown and Conrwallis troop o Surrenders October 1781 to Washington s troops o Ends fighting in the American Revolution o 1783 American gain independence o 1775 1783 Aftermath of the War for Independence Treaty of Paris 1783 Given independence from Britain Given all the land between the Atlantic ocean and the Mississippi river except for Florida and Canada o British would remove all troops from the land Revolutionary War and Slavery Movement to abolish slavery begins in aftermath of American Revolution 5 000 African American soldiers had served in the American Army during the war o Thought they deserved freedom States begin passing own constitution Articles of the Confederation o Passed by the Continental Congress written o Had very little power o The people did not want a strong central government o States wrote own constitutions the majority of the power rested in the hands of the state Called for annual elections Power to tax went to the state Power to raise an army Rights that cannot be taken away Religious freedom Freedom of the press The right to a
View Full Document
Unlocking...