DEVIANCE•18th century hanging in london•2 boys - 1 good 1 bad •bad kid got hanged •“superbowl” •“exciting” to watch accomplices to the execution of Lincoln•all hanged together•not a public execution •southern might disrupt the hanging •3 men 1 woman•hangings began to be conducted inside prisons•going from public to private•done with dignity•hanging is a less humane way to kill someone Modern Execution•lethal injectionBefore•gas chamber•electrocution•NOW lethal injection•removed from public eyeDurkheim•interested in social solidarity •basic vision-socially integrated group •people shared set values•crime was necessary because it helped maintain the boundaries be-tween good & evil•hang-crowd upholds law, hanged does not•deviants may be necessary to mark boundary between the socially in-tegrated & those outside CRIME•Robin Hood - around for 700 years•lasted because it is about someone breaking the rules in society in a good way •seen as interesting - news, books, magazines•“The Beggar’s Opera” early 18th century play about crime & punish-ment •Mac the knife •central theme in entertainment •CSI, Law & Order, etc.•interested because of the boundary between socially integrated soci-ety & people who break the rulesWhy people break rules•these people are different •biologically different •criminals had particular kinds of faces •these people are made to be criminals Menace of the feebleminded -- the Kallikak family•family filled with deviants •criminals are the product of bad people reproducingBiological•criminals have extra Y chromosome •people looking for genes all kinds of abnormalities - homosexuals, criminals, etc.•criminals are “mentally ill”Sociologists•roots of crime lie in social conditions •geography of deviant behavior •concentrated in the poorest neighborhoods •Deviance is about the social conditions in which you live •neighborhoods characterized by disorder Robert K. Merton•argued that crime was a product of a society’s values & its social ar-rangements •how social arrangements lead people into deviant behavior •every society has cultural goals & means to achieve them •where parents give you a set of values Cells of typology •Conformity - accept means & goals •Innovation - accepts goals, reject means•Tony Montana•Ritualism - abandon goals, keep the means - going through the mo-tions•Retreatism - abandon both goals & means•Rebellion - adopt new goals & new means •Rule breaking is a response to social arrangements**Much of what is forbidden offers quick rewards**•fun, exciting Social Control - mechanisms for maintaining control in society •some social control is formal •much is informal - people obeying the rules •a lot is internal •attachment - parents, school, family •teaching forms of social control•commitment to conventional actions •involvement in conventional activities •keep them busy & off the streetsTechniques of neutralization - deviants justify actions using conventional value •deviants are not that different from everybody else Standards for deviance change*England fought 2 opium wars •went to war with china in order to confirm that they had the right to sell opium to china •chinese resisted •chinese lost both wars •opium became a social problem •opium dens (China town)•opium spread from chinese to white people Drug problems were not new - Beer street & gin lane (18th century)•gin was very plentiful & very cheap •19th century concern •the drunkards progress Moral crusade •Carrie Nation •took hatchet to saloon & broke many things •Harry Anslinger•America’s first drug czarOnce labels exist, they must be applied •Erving Goffman •book called Stigma •deviance is being forced to adopt a disvalued identity •avoid being stigmatized - keep your difference hidden •spend time around other people who accept your stigma Change happens, but it’s
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