9/25Social significance assigned to things that makes race, raceSocial attribute given to you in a particular society in a particular timeHow does race fit within Thomas Theorem idea? (real consequences)SlaverySocioeconomic differencesPrejudiceSegregationRace: The power of an illusionHow is race an illusion? How is it not biological?Housing is an interesting way to look at the historical presence of race and how it’s produced the racial situation we see today in American society9/27Film makes a good point of equality of condition, which is a prerequisite for equality of opportunityJustify the unequal statuses we have in our society by:Suggest that in this American contemporary society, people have the opportunity to make it. If you don’t make it, its your faultJustify people of different races/classesIn this society you have the opportunity to make of yourself what you canOvertime, rewarding people who earned itYour kids start at a different position that someone’s kids who didn’t make itEquality of condition is by nature unequalHow can we ever suggest equality of opportunity when conditions are unequalPeople start at different placesSocieties justify poverty, inequality, etc. someway/somehow9/30Life chancesThe social circumstances of a particular group and the advantages of that group over timeEducational opportunities, wealth, health, etc.How is race a specific factor in patterns of social inequalityGans: class and racial lines are not heterogeneous. They’re homogenous/consistent. They go along with each other. Depending on your race, it’ll determine your class10 most segregated areas in USGenerally, industrial sitesLos AngelesConcentrations of whites, Hispanics, blacksVery visible areas of segregationPhiladelphiaCentral Philly high concentrations of African AmericansWilmington DE highly concentrated of African AmericansCincinnatiMajor industry was:St. LouisHigh concentrations of African AmericansBuffaloClevelandDetroitAutomobile industryChicagoNew YorkMilwaukeePowerPointDefinitionsRemember: race is socially constructed by adding social significance to biological traitsSocial policyInstitutionalized discriminationSystem based on social policies and laws that were outwardly discriminatoryGans: first and foremost, racial differences is a product of climate/geographyNumbers don’t always make a minorityWhite women outnumber white men, yet white women are seen as a minority to white menRace and ethnicity in the USNative AmericansGenerally high concentrations of povertyWhite Anglo-Saxon ProtestantsAfrican AmericansAsian AmericansChinese, Japanese, Korean, FilipinosHispanic/Latino AmericansMexican, Puerto Ricans, Cuban AmericansArab AmericansWhite Ethnic AmericansItalians, Irish, Slovaks, etc.“In order to get rid of racism, we need to take race into account. There is no other way”Trying to eliminate racism, yet we’re putting people into these categories to do soCensus percentagesHispanic descent: 16.4%More about ethnicity than it is about raceAfrican descent: 13%Native American descent: .8%Asian descent: 4.9%Arab descent: .5%West Indian descent: .9%White Anglo-Saxon Protestant: 63.8%10/2Gans conclusion about relationship between race and social classTalks about biological origins of race, social significance of race, etc.Says that your race determines your class. Race and social class generally indicate same social standardsAs you move down hierarchy of race, odds are you are also moving down on social class spectrumArgues it’s intentional. Not a coincidence that race was used to create inequalityMinority doesn’t always have to do with numbersPercentage of poverty, percentage of people with a college degree, median household incomeTake these 3 values and we’re typifying an entire raceGrossly oversimplifying an entire racial groupEven though we can demonstrate inequality from statistics, within each of these racial categories there can be large variations of peopleStatistics are a way to typify a massive group/raceAdvantages and disadvantages to using statistics for inequalityMajority and minority patterns of interactionPluralism: people of all races and ethnicities are distinct but have equal social standingWe are essentially recognizing and heightening the differences between racial categories. Don’t provide for racial stratificationAssimilation: minorities gradually adopt patterns of the dominant cultureNot a true blend“A mixed salad”Amalgamation: a true blend. A unique outcome based on a diverse recipe“The melting pot”Native American ExperienceNot pluralism, not assimilation, not amalgamationIt’s annihilationNative American lands in late 1700s was most of north America. Today there are very few pockets of native American landsSocial standing of Native AmericansMedian family incomeExactly half above and half belowNA: $39,664. Entire US Population: $60,395Percentage in povertyNA: 23.7%. Entire US Population: 15.1%College degree (age 25 and over)NA: 13.4%. Entire US Population: 30.4%Native Americans fair worse than entire population, based off these statisticsAfrican American ExperienceConcentrated in a variety of communitiesLargely concentrated in the southGroups in north and NESocial standing of African AmericansMedian family incomeAA: $39,500. Entire US Population: $60,395Percentage in povertyAA: 27.4%. Entire US Population: 15.1%College degreeAA: 19.9%. Entire US Population: 30.4%Asian American ExperienceLargely concentrated in and around NY, DC, CA, HI“Model minorities”. If experience you’re going to have as a racial minority in the US is successful, follow the Asian American path. They tend to do betterSocial standing of Asian AmericansMedian family incomeAll Asian Americans: $75,488. Entire US Population: $60,395Percentage in povertyAll Asian Americans: 12.1%. Entire US Population: 15.1%College degreeAll Asian Americans: 50.3%. Entire US Population: 30.4%As a racial minority group, they seem to bear better than everyone elseLatinos/HispanicsLargely concentrated in SW, Florida, Carolinas, etc.Social standing of LatinosMedian family incomeLA: $39,538. Entire US Population: $60,395Percentage in povertyLA: 26.8%. Entire US Population: 15.1%College degreeLA: 14.1%. Entire US Population: 30.4%Arab AmericansVery few relative to other racial categories in USConcentrated in NE. ScatteredSocial Standing of ArabsMedian family incomeAA: $61,579. Entire US Population: $60,395Percentage in povertyAA: 19.6%. Entire US Population: 15.1%College