Introduction to SociologySOCI201-refreshers, reminders, and more micro issues-barriers and hurdles to opportunities influence the interactions someone will have- conflict perspective-There is no “individual”- we’re sponges and society dictates how we will act, norms, values- we internalize them—are we individuals or just following suite of what we are supposed to be doing?-how is interaction “determined”?is it predetermined because of certain norms and values and there’s certain sanctions for acting a particular waySocialization:-the process by which we internalize the attitudes, values, beliefs, and norms of our culture and develop a sense of self“Internalize” = key part of thisGoal of socialization process is to get us to embrace these attitudes, values, beliefs, and norms as OUR OWN-Are you an “actor” or are you merely being “acted upon” by socializing agents (social structures)?Perhaps “Reacting”-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEG2NqIuK1EAgents of Socialization-family, friends, religion, peers, media, school—social functionalist- influence the interactions we have and teach us how to interactSocial Functionalist-Cloud is social structure- raindrops are culture, norms, and values (dictated by social structure)—cloud over hangs us all the time and it sprinkles down the stuff that dictate our interactions- peppered with understood culture, norms, and valuesVocab:Status: socially defined position in a social structureDefined within it’s relation to others-we say what has high and low statusStatus Set: all of the statuses a person maintains at a given timeAscribed Status: status assigned to individuals without reference to their abilities or efforts (gender, age, race, ethnicity, and family background)Achieved Status: a social position which a person assumes voluntarily and which reflects personal ability and choice (student, wife, father)Secured through effort and abilityUsually gained through education and training-can there ever be a “pure” achieved status? Is it all achieved through effort and ability?Statuses:Master Status: social positions which dominate all other statusesExceptional importance for identityCertain kinds of statuses are MORE likely to be master statusesInclude statuses to which society attaches a great deal of prestige (e.g. being a doctor)AND statuses we attach a great deal of stigma (e.g. being gay)Status Characteristics Theory:-Branch of expectation states research-based on status cues and characteristics- tattoos, earrings—use to form expectations-Explains participation inequalities in task oriented and collectively oriented groups—forms expectations of how others will act-Diffuse and Specific status characteristics-Actors use these SC’s to form expectations of how other actors will “act” and therefore peppers interactionRoles:-Role: A normative pattern of behavior for someone occupying a specific social status-We OCCUPY a status, we PERFORM a role-Ex: Professor is a status à the role consists of teaching and mentoring students, conducting research, and performing service for the university and the communitySocial Interactions and Social Roles--roles dictate how we will act-go by the “script” generated by cultureRoles:Role Conflict: Incompatibility among roles corresponding to two or more statusesGood mom, good student, good team member, good workerHard to not violate roles of another status, in order to perform tasks of oneResult can be stressCombining parenthood with employment increases depression among women à except in women who report having good, reliable childcareBeing a good mom and providing emotional comfort and support and having to work= cause stress—but if roles are satisfied then the stress is lessened-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2WGNAwdkoGoPolice officers abandoned victims and other cops because of their own families during hurricane KatrinaAbsent without leaveWife needed husband—“blame her for having her husband leave the police department”- she needed him during this time-Role Strain: Contradictory expectations and demands attached to a single roleEx. Professor – Research, Teaching, Service, mentorship, community involvement, etc.Ex. Student – should study, but it’s too nice outside and you want partyParents who try to be “friends” with their childrenDifficult to maintain disciplineSociology Basics--Social Statuses: recognized social positionsEx. Student, professorOther Ex. Woman/man, old/young, Black/white, gay/straightThey come with “expected behaviors”To the extent that we can “define” people’s statuses - we pull from our previous experience and knowledge certain expectations of their behaviorIt helps us (hot cognition) move through our social activities-So in “Defining our Situation” we take all cues about people’s social statuses into accountWhat if you were the only person of your race/ethnicity or sex/gender in a classroom?How would you behave?Do others determine our behavior?Cooley’s “Looking Glass Self”Social Distance – sharing of social statusesShared Symbols--status characteristics/cues-words/slang-style of dress/attire-body language-facial expressions-try a “different” reaction- see what happens-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ks-_Mh1QhMc –Amy Cuddy- Your body language shapes who are youfeeling powerful= opened uppowerless- close up, wrap ourselves uphigh and lower power= if someone’s being powerful, we do the opposite= close uprelated to genderwomen= close upmen= opened uprelated to extent to which students were participating and how well they were participatingdo our bodies change our minds?Pretend to be powerful, you feel powerfulOur nonverbal govern how we think and feel about ourselves and our bodies change our minds—the testTiny tweaks lead to big changesFor 2 minutes- act powerful and it’ll change your mindMicro Matters-guy Funkenstein= 1 theory= we were all born with understanding of 4 basic emotions- happy, sad, fear, anger—we understand what they look like-children can smile early- and they get reward—how do they know that’s a happy/positive reward? Everyone’s joyous- loud but calming?-Paul Ekman- test when people are lying through facial expressions- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ypqQ_mJIU3M -75 expressions in less than 1 minute-Darwin- one of first to look at facial expressions in humans and animals—looked the same amongst generations and culturesStructural Functionalist(cloud picture-slide