Life 103 Review Animals Animal fact of the day Titanoboa largest snake discovered in the world lived 60 58 mya Aquatic Biomes Animals Account for largest part of the biosphere in terms of area Can contain fresh water Multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes w tissues that develop from embryonic layers Nutrition Heterotrophic ingest food Cell Structure Lack cell walls Multicellular eukaryotes Bodies held together by structural proteins collagen Nervous tissue muscle tissue are unique Most reproduce sexually In what order does animal development proceed Zygote Blastrula Gastrula Existence Common ancestor lived b w 675 875 mya Closest living relatives Choanoflagellates Protists Animal kingdom great diversity of living extinct species Neoproterozoic Era 1 bya 542 mya Ediacaran biota c 565 550 mya 1st life on Earth Earliest members of animal fossils recorded Paleozoic Era 542 251 mya Cambrian Explosion c 535 525 mya marks earliest fossil appearance of many major groups of living animals Cause new predator prey rise in atmospheric oxygen Mesozoic Era Age of Dinosaurs 251 65 5 mya Coral reefs emerged became important marine ecological niches for other organisms Dinosaurs dominant terrestrial vertebrates 1st mammal emerged Cenozoic Era Age of Mammals 65 5 present Followed the mass extinction of terrestrial marine animals Extinctions large nonflying dinosaurs marine reptiles Modern mammal orders insects diversified during this era Animal Body Plan Symmetry Radial or Bilateral all humans Vertebrates bilaterally symmetric Invertebrates some are radially symmetric Tissues Body plan vary according to organization of animal s tissues Tissues collections of specialized cells Isolated from other tissues by membranous layers During development 3 germ layers give rise to tissues organs of animal embryo covers embryo s surface innermost layer that lines developing digestive tube archenteron Ectoderm Endoderm Diploblastic ectoderm endoderm layers Triploblastic have intervening mesoderm layer include all bilaterans humans vertebrates Need To Know Questions on Animals What Sponge cells are used to digest food Amoeboocytes What organism is not in the Lophotrochozoa clade Roundworm Includes Flatworms rotifers ectoprocts brachiopods mollusks and annelids such as animals Earthworm slug octopus etc Why do cuttlefish change their colors and patterns To camouflage attract mates confuse prey What part of the lobster includes the tail The Abdomen What distinguishes Craniate form other Chordates A Head What s the difference between a Hagfish and a Lamprey Hagfish are NOT vertebrates Birds are most closely related to whom Crocodiles How do elephants stay cool in the heat Radiating heat from their ears Which characteristic distinguished Mammals from Reptiles Produce Milk What Phylum are Lampsilis mussels in Mollusca Which system plays a more important role in the coordination and escape of predators the Nervous System Where are most nutrients and materials digested All endotherms are homeotherms and all ectoderms are The Small Intestine poikilotherms False It helps Reduce heat loss What is an advantage of counter current heat exchange More Info to Know New World monkeys are NOT apes Poikilotherm body temp varies w environment Homeotherm body temp is relatively constant Africa A Savannah biome Fort Collins A Temperate Grassland Microclimate small space e g under a log Torsion twisting of visceral mass that Gastropods undergo Unique to Arthopoda Wings Counter current Heat Exchange Reduce Heat Loss Hypothalamus center for regulating body temperature When comparing organisms Most inclusive the most organisms to least inclusive Ecosystem Community Population Individual Heart of a mollusk found in visceral mass 3 chambered Heart NOT an adaptation of birds Fever the change in the set point of the body s temperature Oldest group of Tetrapods Amphibians Abiotic nonliving factors water temperature precipitation etc Biotic living factors pathogens disease etc More Specific Info About Animals ALL Chordates Notochord Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord Pharyngeal Slits Clefts Muscular Post anal Tail Sponges NO symmetry asymmetrical tissues organs or nervous system Amniotic Egg Distinguished Amphibians Reptiles from other Flatworms Triploblastic 3 germ layers Bilateral Acoelomate no body Lancelets 1st Chordates have all characteristics of a Chordate when an Tetrapods cavity GVC adult Ecdysozoans Most DIVERSE Arthropods Nematodes Deuterostomes Echinoderms Chordates Unique to Echinodermata Endoskeleton Tetrapods Derived from Lobe Fins Fish Squamates Snakes Lizards Amniotes Placental Mammals Egg laying Mammals Birds but NOT Amphibians Differentiation of Teeth Unique to Mammals due to their diet Ray finned Fish Most DIVERSE Vertebrates Birds Most Diverse Terrestrial Vertebrates Ectoderms most Amphibians land dwelling invertebrates Endotherms Mammals Birds Rise of 4 Limbs in Tetrapods derived from muscular pelvic pectoral fins of the Lobe Fins Lampreys 1st Vertebrates Gnathostomes 1st Vertebrates w Jaws Chondrichthyans Sharks Rays Skates 1st Jawed Gnathostomes Clades Phyla Classes Clade Eumetazoa Phylum Cnidaria Oldest group in clade Digestion Gastrovascular cavity 2 Body Plan sessile polyp motile medusa Carnivores Clade Bilateria Bilateral Symmetry Triploblastic Lophotrochozoa Lophophore ciliated tentacles that function in feeding Organisms Flatworms Rotifers Ectoprocts Brachiopods Mollusks Annelids E g Earthworm Slug Octopus Clam etc o Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms Class Turbellaria Planarians o Phylum Mollusca 3 Body Plan Muscular Foot Visceral Mass Mantle Radula used for feeding Class Gastropoda Snails Slugs Class Cephalopoda Squids Octopus Cuttlefish Nautilus o Phylum Annelida Class Oligochaeta Earthworm Class Polychaeta Polychaetes Class Hirudinea Leeches Ecdysozoa Most Diverse More Species than all other groups Exoskeleton Cuticle tough outer coat made of chitin Ecdysis shed molt of the cuticle o Phylum Nematoda Roundworms Alimentary Canal 2 openings True Gut Lack Circulatory System Parasites to plants animals o Phylum Arthopoda Segmented body hard exoskeleton jointed appendages Cuticle covers body exoskeleton protein polysaccharide Molts exoskeleton Open Circulation Hemolymph Defining Adaptation Wings Body Plan Head Thorax Abdomen Subphylum Hexapoda Class Insecta All Insects Subphylum Crustacea Lobsters Crabs etc Deuterostoma Radial Cleavage Blastopore form Mouth o Phylum Echinodermata i e sea stars Endoskeleton Slow moving or