LIFE 103 1st EditionLecture 12Outline of Last Lecture II. Main Sectionsa. Anatomy b. Growth III. Main Plant Organsa. Roots b. Stemsc. LeavesIV. Terms to look up V. 3 Tissues a. Dermalb. Vascularc. Ground VI. Plant Development VII. Meristems VIII. Fig. 35.11 IX. Fig. 35.12 X. Primary GrowthXI. Secondary Growth XII. Root Growth Outline of Current Lecture I. Root Growth II. Shoot Growth III. Secondary Growth IV. Tree Rings V. Living Things as Machines Current Lecture: Plant Structure and Development II + III VI. MeristemsI. ApicalII. Vascular These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.III. Cork cambiumRoot Growth II I. Pericycle: vascular bundle (stele) surrounded by a ring of endodermis cells I. Notice how monocot and eudicot pericycles differII. Lateral roots emerge from the endodermisI. Necessary so that lateral roots are connected to vascular network III. Fig. 35.14 IV. Monocots: wherever they want V. Eudicots: more organized with tissueVI. Fig. 35.15I. Death of epidermal cells is part of the way developmental biology works (shed toserve the plant) VII. Fig. 35.16 I. Differentiated cell types emerge from the top II. Darker because so concentrated with cells Shoot Growth I. Leaf primordia: embryonic leaf tissues that develop into leaves II. Shoot apical meristem produces leaf primordia and axillary bud meristems III. Shoot elongationI. Most plants: lengthening of cells beneath the shoot tip II. Grasses: intercalary meristem at the leaf base pushes new tissue up i. Helps grasses endure grazingIV. Monocot Intercalary Meristem diagram (bamboo)Secondary Growth I. Growth and development at the apical meristem produces primary phloem and xylemII. Vascular cambium produces xylem inside and phloem outside III. Increased girth, caused by vascular cambium growth, causes outer layers to rupture IV. Cork cambium: a second cambium that forms on the cortex, or outside the secondary phloemI. Produces cork cells that replace the epidermis V. Bark: periderm (= cork cambium + cork) + secondary phloem VI. Fig. 35.19 Tree RingsI. Wood: layers and layers of secondary xylemII. In temperate parts of the world, growth is seasonal III. Early wood: produced in Spring I. Large diameter secondary xylem cellsII. Maximizes water delivery to growing leaves IV. Late wood: produced during late summer and early fall I. Smaller diameter, thick-walled cellsV. Rings of growth larger in warmer, wetter yearsClicker question: cell division in the vascular cambium means more cells in: the vascular cambium, secondary phloem, and secondary xylemI. Vascular cambium can ONLY produce secondary tissues; apical meristem produces ONLY primary tissues Clicker question: this layer of cells protects a meristem: Root capLiving Things as MachinesII. Molecular biology I. Gene expressioni. DNA transcription, translation proteinsII. Function of proteins for making cells work III. Developmental biologyI. Molecular and cellular process by which cells differentiate, and organize to form tissues and organs IV. PhysiologyI. Function (physical, chemical) of tissues and organs V. EcologyI. Interactions of whole organisms with each other and their
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