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CSU LIFE 103 - Phytochromes

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LIFE 103 1st Edition Lecture 20Outline of Last Lecture I. SeasonsII. Other stimuli and responses III. Defenses against herbivoresIV. Pathogen defenses I. Hypersensitive responseII. Systemic acquired resistance Outline of Current Lecture I. Study techniquesII. Chapter 35 III. Chapter 36 IV. Chapter 38V. Chapter 39 VI. In-class questionsI. Secondary growthII. MeristemsIII. Water potentialIV. PhytochromesCurrent Lecture: Review! Study techniquesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.I. Recopy stufII. Study in increments III. SLEEP! IV. How could the notes be turned into an exam? V. 45 questionsVI. DIFFERENT CELL TYPESChapter 35I. Plants are computers II. Root types/diversity of rootsIII. Stolons (strawberry plant) runners that are connected by modified leaves that are reproductiveIV. Modified stems (tubers/potatoes) V. Stolon vs. rhizomeI. Above ground vs. below ground VI. Modified leaves (tendrils, bulbs, reproductive leaves)VII. Tissue types (fig. 35.8) VIII. Fig. 35.10 I. Vessel-elements that comprise the xylem and phloemIX. Fig. 35.11 X. Trees get taller from the top, so the sign you put up would not go up XI. Growth of the vascular cambium is secondary growth XII. Structure and organization of stem and root tissue as well as lateral root formation XIII. Monocot cross-section pg. 764XIV. Vascular tissuesXV. Figure with first, second, and third growth XVI. Fig. 35.20XVII. Cork productionXVIII. Section 35.5 (shape) XIX. Microtubules attach to chromosomes and determine orientation of cellsXX. ExpansinXXI. Homeotic genes bind to DNA XXII. Fig. 35.35 Chapter 36I. 36.2 II. Apoplastic vs. symplastic transport III. Water potential IV. 36.3V. Fig. 36.11 VI. Microfibrils generate the force of water on the cell VII. 36.4 (why stomata open and close)VIII. 36.5 Chapter 38 I. Flower shapes and conceptsII. Fig. 38.5 III. Developments of the seed IV. Section 38.2 V. Section 38.3 is not on the exam Chapter 39 I. Section 39. 1II. Table 39.1 (only through ethylene, not brassinosteroids or jasmonates)III. Basically all of chapter 39 IV. Long-day/short-day plantsV. Section 39.4 VI. Section 39.5 VII. Fig. 39.27 In-Class Questions Secondary growth, meristemsI. Plants achieve growth through division in two cellsI. Primary growth leads to a change in heighti. Happens in apical meristem (apex = end, tip) ii. Cells are formed through division and then juice is added through zone of elongation and their force leads to longer stems II. Secondary growth leads to a change in girth (circumference) i. Vascular cambium produces secondary xylem and phloem III. What happens to primary xylem and phloem? i. Between them is the vascular cambiumii. Less significant because they are not changing the shape as much IV. Bark goes all the way to the vascular cambium II. Pericycle: only lateral rootsIII. Dicots do not have a vascular cambiumIV. Woody plants only have vascular cambium Water potential I. Total amount of water potential is the sum of two parts: solute + pressure potential II. Psi is the Greek letter that is used III. When you add a sugar to water, you reduce the concentration of free water IV. Water can also exist as hydrogen bondedV. Free water vs. water stuck VI. Reduced concentration of free water leads to osmosis VII. Water moves toward more negative water potential (less concentration of free water) VIII. Water vapor is not osmosis IX. Solutes cannot move freely across a membrane PhytochromesI. Protein that has a grey square that is sensitive to diferent energy of photonsII. Two kinds of light that can be absorbed: red and far-redIII. Far-red: farthest that our eyes can detect (almost infrared)IV. Regular sunlight has more red than far-redV. PR = red, absorbs red and turns into far-redVI. PFR = far-red, degrades into PR over timeVII. Clock is used to get back to concentrations VIII. Photons just hang there IX. Long day plant: sensitive to short nightX. Short day plant: sensitive to long night XI. Cue of concentration of PFR tells plant when to flower XII. Chlorophyll absorbs red lightXIII. High abundance of far red light indicates that it’s at the bottom of the canopy Apoplast/SymplastI. Type of spaces found within a cell’s body and movement of materialsII. Inside cell membrane: symplastIII. Cell membranes of adjacent cells are connected by plasmodesmata to make the cytoplasm continuous between cells IV. Apoplastic, dead, no cytoplasm (no cell membrane) = xylem cells, just tubesV. Barrier = Casparian strip that requires every ion to go through every cell membrane before going up the xylem VI. Ions that move up xylem in apoplastic space: calcium, nitrate, etc. that are used to construct new leaves or tissues upVII. Casparian strip: waxy barrier formed over the endodermisVIII. Cuticle: outer waxy layer that covers the leaves and prevents water


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