LIFE 103 1st Edition Lecture 21 Outline of Last Lecture I. Study techniquesII. Chapter 35 III. Chapter 36 IV. Chapter 38V. Chapter 39 VI. In-class questionsI. Secondary growthII. MeristemsIII. Water potentialIV. PhytochromesOutline of Current Lecture I. Atmospheric CO2II. Greenhouse effectIII. Evidence for present and future changeIV. Effects of changeCurrent Lecture: Climate Change https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rE3j_RHkqJcI. Ideas are germs, you help them reproduce II. Thought “germs” are emotions III. Anger bypasses your immune system and makes you pass it on like no one elseThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.IV. It’s really hard to change someone’s mind when they are upsetV. They typically argue about each other On becoming famousI. Scientists get famous by proving other people wrongII. There is huge incentive to prove that global warming will not happenIII. The IPCC reports are agreed upon by all nations, based on the current best science Atmospheric CO2I. There is no doubt that human activities are changing concentrations of CO2II. Figure with the monthly average carbon dioxide concentration in Hawaii III. Looked at patternsIV. Seasons draw the oscillations (photosynthesis, goes down in Northern hemisphere summer)V. Respiration causes an increase in CO2 in winter VI. Also have Antarctica ice cores from 1000-2000 to look at the CO2 concentrations VII. Concentration of fossil fuels have increasedVIII. Can tell because carbon-14 levels have decayed IX. Atmospheric CO2 has risen sharply since the industrial revolution began around 1850X. Can also look at the global carbon cycle How does the “greenhouse effect” work? I. Some gases absorb heat that would otherwise be lost to space II. Every object with a temperature above absolute zero is emitting photons III. Heat is motionIV. Objects cool off by emitting photonsV. Objects can also heat up by absorbing key photons VI. The temperature of an object is determined by the balance of photons absorbed vs. photons released VII. If you prevent an object from releasing photons, the temperature will go up VIII. The earth emits photonsIX. There is a shortage of photons of specific heat colors that are missing when the earth is observed from space X. The photons are being absorbed by gases There is strong evidence that the earth is changingI. Can look at thermometers of the past II. Weather vs. climateI. Weather: air, precipitation patterns for a given momentII. Climate: long term average III. As weather changes, climate will changeIV. Can also look at tree rings for records Global circulation modelsI. Keep track of energy and its movement in land, oceans and atmosphereII. Includes feedbacks, especially water vapor and greenhouse gasesIII. More water vapor will form in the futureIV. More clouds will form V. Coupled with socio-economic predictions about how nations will use fossil fuels in coming century VI. Predict the response of the future VII. Scientists have made graphs to predict the future Projected changes to human and natural systemsProjected positive impactsI. Increased timber harvest in well-managed forestsII. Increased crop yields in some areas for warming less than 2 degrees Celsius III. Increased water supply for some areas (ex: parts of SE Asia) IV. Reduced winter mortality at mid- and high latitudes V. Reduced demand for heating energy Projected negative impactsI. Reduced crop yields in tropical and sub-tropical systemsII. Reduced crop yield, with some variation, in most temperate regions III. Decreased water availability for water-poor regions, especially sub-tropicsIV. Increased number of people exposed to water-borne (ex: cholera) and vector borne (ex: malaria) diseasesV. Increased deaths from heat stressVI. Widespread increase in flooding due to increased rainfall and sea level