Psychopathology cont d April 10 2014 Schizophrenias Must meet two or more of the criteria Delusions Hallucinations Disorganized speech disorganized catatonic behavior negative symptoms Three types of symptoms Positive symptoms taking normal person adding behavior Delusions hallucinations disorganized behavior Negative symptoms taking normal person taking away behavior Affective flattening flat affect little to no emotional expression monotone voice Alogia lose ability or willingness to speak at all or regularly Avolition lose the will to complete daily tasks e g showering eating Impairments in working memory attentional control Cognitive symptoms Types of schizophrenia Paranoid Delusions of persecution Auditory hallucinations almost always but not required criteria Best prognosis easiest to treat Disorganized Disorganized speech Flat affect Worst prognosis hardest to treat Inappropriate emotions Catatonic Frozen motor symptoms Sit stand hold bizarre postures in one place for extended period of time Undifferentiated Symptoms do not cluster together neatly into one type 1 2 chance of general population being diagnosed with schizophrenia Once it is in your family your chances increase greatly Causes Neurodevelopmental disorder Genetic predisposition Period of diminished oxygen supply to newborn Variety of prenatal viral infections Brain dysfunction in temporal frontal lobes Stress Dopamine levels Reducing dopamine activity reduces symptoms Dissociative disorders Dissociation to break or pull apart Dissociative identity disorder multiple personality disorder Existence of 2 or more separate personalities in same individual May not be known to host personality Dissociative amnesia personality other than host personality taking over Host personality does not remember the past hours days weeks Still functioning interacting with others carrying on with everyday life Dissociative fugue coming out of dissociative amnesia In different place than you last remember being with different people you may not recognize Axis II Personality disorders Rigid maladaptive personality traits Neurotic Symptoms presumed to arise during childhood persist throughout life Three clusters Cluster A odd eccentric behaviors Cluster B emotional dramatic behaviors Cluster C anxious fearful behaviors or symptoms Cluster A Paranoid personality disorder Suspiciousness distrust of others No delusions hallucinations Expect to be mistreated by others Very secretive hyper vigilant often jealous Schizoid personality disorder Aloof detached from social relationships Indifferent toward others Pursue solitary interests Narrow range of displayed emotions Schizotypal personality disorder Magical whimsical thinking or behavior e g thinking one has a magical power Extremely uncomfortable in close relationships Display odd quirky behiavors Cognitive perceptual distortions Cluster B Antisocial personality disorder Impulsive irresponsible Disregard for violation of rights of others Physically aggressive Often lie commit criminal actions Seem indifferent to the suffering of others Good manipulators Genetic predisposition realization is influenced by environment May be result of insecure attachment Borderline personality disorder Instability in relationships self image feelings Pronounced impulsivity Reoccurring suicidal gestures threats or self mutilation Chronic feelings of emptiness Self destructive Histrionic personality disorder Excessive attention seeking expression of emotion Superficial warmth charm Self centered Overly concerned with appearance Often play victim role want to look helpless Michael Scott from The Office Narcissistic personality disorder Exaggerated sense of self importance Self centered Need for admiration Exploitive attitude Lack of empathy Cluster C Avoidant personality disorder Self confidence issues Social discomfort due to fear of others opinions of you Feelings of inadequacy Hypersensitive to negative evaluations criticism Dependent personality disorder Self esteem issues Low self reliance Clingy extreme need to be taken care of Submissive Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Preoccupied with perfection order control Reliant on plans lists Methodical No particular obsessions or compulsions like OCD but encompassing need for perfection etc
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