How do we form meaningful perceptions from sensory information?we organize itGestalt psychologists showed that we form a “whole” reality that is greater than just the individual sensations“the whole is more than the sum of its parts”Organization of the visual field into objects (figure) that stand out from their surroundings (ground)only attuned into one at a timeAfter distinguishing the figure from the ground, our perception needs to organize the figure into a meaningful form using grouping rulesproximitysimilaritycontinuityconnectednessDepth Perceptionenables us to judge distances. As soon as infants can crawl they already have depth perception. Even newborn animals show depth perceptionHow important is experience in shaping our perceptual interpretation?Top-Down Processinghigher level mental processes help us construct our perceptions, drawing on our experience and expectationsthe paragraph where the first and last letters are kept in place and the middles are jumbledThe EarOuter Earcollects and sends sounds to the eardrumMiddle Earchamber between eardum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea’s oval windowInner EarInnermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacscochlea is the part of the ear that starts to transduce the sound vibrations into action potentialscoiled bony, fluid – filled tube in the inner ear that transforms sound vibrations to auditorylisten to description of anatomy and phsiologythe innermost chamber of the cochlea (center of the tube) those hair cells are tuned to pick up really low frequencies – toward the outside (surface of the tube) pick up high frequenciesvestibular system – balance, head orientation in spacesemicircular canalsvestibular sacsSensation and Perception 18/04/2012 17:04:00How do we form meaningful perceptions from sensory information?- we organize itGestalt psychologists showed that we form a “whole” reality that is greater than just the individual sensations- “the whole is more than the sum of its parts”←← Organization of the visual field into objects (figure) that stand out from their surroundings (ground)- only attuned into one at a time←← After distinguishing the figure from the ground, our perception needs to organize the figure into a meaningful form using grouping rules- proximity- similarity- continuity- connectedness←← Depth Perception- enables us to judge distances. As soon as infants can crawl they already have depth perception. Even newborn animals show depth perception←← How important is experience in shaping our perceptual interpretation?←← Top-Down Processing- higher level mental processes help us construct our perceptions, drawing on our experience and expectationso the paragraph where the first and last letters are kept in placeand the middles are jumbled←← The Ear- Outer Earo collects and sends sounds to the eardrum- Middle Earo chamber between eardum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, stirrup) that concentrate the vibrationsof the eardrum on the cochlea’s oval window- Inner Earo Innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircularcanals, and vestibular sacs cochlea is the part of the ear that starts to transduce the sound vibrations into action potentials coiled bony, fluid – filled tube in the inner ear that transforms sound vibrations to auditory← listen to description of anatomy and phsiology←←← the innermost chamber of the cochlea (center of the tube) those hair cells are tuned to pick up really low frequencies – toward the outside (surfaceof the tube) pick up high frequencies←← vestibular system – balance, head orientation in space- semicircular canals- vestibular sacs←←←←18/04/2012 17:04:00←18/04/2012
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