6 Southern Industries and urbanization HIST 2620 Table of Contents 1 Reconstruction 2 1876 Election 3 Lost Cause Myth 4 Southern sharecropping 5 Henry Grady 7 Jim Crow Laws 8 Mississippi Plan 9 Booker T Washington 10 W E B DuBois 11 Plessy V Ferguson 12 Industrialization 13 Gustavus Swift 14 Sand Creek Massacre 15 Battle of Little Bighorn 16 General Allotment Act 17 Destruction of Indian Culture 18 American West Myth 19 Battle of Wounded Knee 20 Frontier Thesis 21 Immigration 22 Ellis Island 23 Statue of Liberty 26 Francis Keller Out of Work 27 Social Darwinism 28 American Federation of Labor 29 President James Garfield 24 Restrictions on Immigration 25 Tenements Jacob Riis How the Other Half Lives Welch 1 HIST 2620 Welch 30 President Chester Arthur 31 President Grover Cleveland 32 President Alfred Mahan 33 Populist party 34 Panic of 1893 35 Presidential candidate William Bryan 36 Presidential candidate William McKinley 37 Frank Baum and the Wizard of Oz 38 Orville and Wilbur Wright 39 William McKinley assassinated 40 Muckrakers 41 Alice Paul Suffragettes 42 Election of 1912 43 John Schrank wrote a letter No Third Term 44 Woodrow Wilson new Freedoms 45 Temperance Movement 46 World War I and the Lost Generation 47 Lost GenerationHarding Scandals 48 Prohibition ban alcohol 49 Efficiency of government model 50 Business Boon of 1920 51 Popular figures of 20s 52 Prohibition period Lecture Notes 1 Reconstruction summary of challenges A 618 000 Civil War deaths and more maimed lead to lack of contributing members to economy B Death of current president 2 HIST 2620 Welch C Economic cost of war disproportionate damage 4 billion lost in South i 100 million due to Sherman s march ii 1800 factories in South v 110 000 in North North manufacturing unharmed 2 1876 Election Hayes Republican v Tilden Democratic A Republican party had control so far Lincoln Johnson etc B Election resulted in tie from electoral college i Republican party argued that there was voter fraud C Democrats let Republicans have election on two terms i Terms had to spend money in South military needs to leave South 3 Lost Cause Myth Southern belief in glorying confederacy during war and arguing that the Civil War was fought for solely states rights and not to keep around slavery 4 Southern sharecropping land owners loaned land to tenants in exchange for part of sales A Sharecropping becomes dependent on Crop Lien system loans made based on future 5 Henry Grady wrote articles about the new south v old south arguing for industrialization in 6 Southern Industries and urbanization required natural resources abundance of workers capital money essentially a ponzi scheme the newspaper called the Atlanta Constitution creation of steady institutions A Contributions to urbanizations i Steel lumber textile mills become common ii Tobacco supported by James B Duke and American Tobacco Co iii Coca Cola started by Dr John Pemberton as medicine but largely harmful B Industrialization led to hostility in workplace based on bad relations between management and workers 7 Jim Crow Laws racial segregation laws A Laws resulted from black codes B Jim Crow referred to the character as a racist personification of a slave in minstrel shows 8 Mississippi Plan example of way that state laws curtailed 15th amendment giving suffrage by requiring 2 year residency and requiring interpretation of the constitution to satisfaction A Understanding clause controversial part of Mississippi plan that required interpretation 3 HIST 2620 Welch of constitution to satisfaction as judged by frequently racist peers 9 Booker T Washington argued that blacks had to earn equality by proving themselves 10 W E B DuBois attacked views of Washington arguing that equality cannot wait 11 Plessy V Ferguson 1896 decision that allowed separate but equal segregation A Plessy was black and serves as a test case for Separate Car Law in Louisiana which segregates railroad cars B Plessy is told to leave as expected and the case goes to Supreme Court 12 Industrialization A Natural resources labor money growth of companies contribute to industrialization B Railroads a key part of 19th century west i Railroads cut through Indian territory forcing Indians to become buffalo nomads C Cattlemen farmers and railroad men competed for resources 13 Gustavus Swift refrigerated railroad car A Revolutionized meat packing industry B Sears catalog began to get people interested in products 14 Sand Creek Massacre 1864 A Native American resistance to settlers when gold was found in Colorado River B Cheyenne forces Chief Black Kettle and the White Antelopes Chief Kiowa and the Cheyenne Dog Soldiers 15 Battle of Little Bighorn 16 General Allotment Act 1887 A Colonel Custer s 7th cavalry vs Lakota Cheyenne Arapaho A Cause assimilation of Indians to America by making them farmers 17 Destruction of Indian Culture A Kill the Indian leave the Man B Richard Pratt started Carlisle School to instill American culture into Indians 18 American West Myth A Romanticized frontier and portrayed Indians as savages 19 Battle of Wounded Knee 1890 A Geronimo Sitting Bull involved 4 HIST 2620 Welch B Related to Wovoka s Ghost Dance a dance related to peace 20 Frontier Thesis West is closed according to Frederick Turner 21 Immigration Push pull theory theory that factors push pull immigration A 20 of 60 million immigrants of the Gilded Age came to the US 22 Ellis Island A Grown by dirt excavated from building of the subway system of NY in 1890s B 40 of people currently can trace an ancestor that has gone through Ellis Island C Process required a medical examination i Button hook used with antiseptic to check for trachoma in medical exam D Marked with chalk if you were suspected of having a heart condition being pregnant being senile or having a mental defect i Marked with an x if you had a suspected mental defect ii University of Chicago published a study measuring prisoners to determine what an average criminal was and that information was used to mark mental defects iii If marked you were removed from the line housed processed and moved to stockyards a In stockyards Ellis Island official asked 27 questions in 3 minutes 23 Statue of Liberty 1886 Frederick Bartholdi A Bartholdi insisted somewhat against US consent that France should give US a gift B Statue of Liberty was paid for by French taxes C Statue of Liberty built in pieces arms head etc i 1984 All pieces built ii Stephen Sauvestre Eiffel Tower decided to put the