Introduction to Sociology SOCI201 Module 4 Further Exploration of the Arenas of Sociological Study Chapters 5 12 and 18 refreshers reminders and more micro issues barriers and hurdles to opportunities influence the interactions someone will have conflict perspective There is no individual we re sponges and society dictates how we will act norms values we internalize them are we individuals or just following suite of what we are supposed to be doing how is interaction determined is it predetermined because of certain norms and values and there s certain sanctions for acting a particular way Socialization the process by which we internalize the attitudes values beliefs and norms of our culture and develop a sense of self Internalize key part of this o Goal of socialization process is to get us to embrace these attitudes values beliefs and norms as OUR OWN Are you an actor or are you merely being acted upon by socializing agents social structures Perhaps Reacting http www youtube com watch v VEG2NqIuK1E Agents of Socialization family friends religion peers media school social functionalist influence the interactions we have and teach us how to interact Social Functionalist Cloud is social structure raindrops are culture norms and values dictated by social structure cloud over hangs us all the time and it sprinkles down the stuff that dictate our interactions peppered with understood culture norms and values Vocab Status socially defined position in a social structure Defined within it s relation to others we say what has high and Status Set all of the statuses a person maintains at a given low status time Ascribed Status status assigned to individuals without reference to their abilities or efforts gender age race ethnicity and family background Achieved Status a social position which a person assumes voluntarily and which reflects personal ability and choice student wife father Secured through effort and ability Usually gained through education and training can there ever be a pure achieved status Is it all achieved through effort and ability Statuses Master Status social positions which dominate all other statuses Exceptional importance for identity Certain kinds of statuses are MORE likely to be master statuses Include statuses to which society attaches a great deal of prestige e g being a doctor AND statuses we attach a great deal of stigma e g being gay Status Characteristics Theory Branch of expectation states research based on status cues and characteristics tattoos earrings use to form expectations Explains participation inequalities in task oriented and collectively oriented groups forms expectations of how others will act Diffuse and Specific status characteristics Actors use these SC s to form expectations of how other actors will act and therefore peppers interaction Roles Role A normative pattern of behavior for someone occupying a specific social status We OCCUPY a status we PERFORM a role Ex Professor is a status the role consists of teaching and mentoring students conducting research and performing service for the university and the community Social Interactions and Social Roles roles dictate how we will act go by the script generated by culture Roles Role Conflict Incompatibility among roles corresponding to two or more statuses Good mom good student good team member good worker Hard to not violate roles of another status in order to perform tasks of one Result can be stress Combining parenthood with employment increases depression among women except in women who report having good reliable childcare Being a good mom and providing emotional comfort and support and having to work cause stress but if roles are satisfied then the stress is lessened http www youtube com watch v 2WGNAwdkoGo Police officers abandoned victims and other cops because of their own families during hurricane Katrina Absent without leave Wife needed husband blame her for having her husband leave the police department she needed him during this time Role Strain Contradictory expectations and demands attached to a single role Ex Professor Research Teaching Service mentorship community involvement etc Ex Student should study but it s too nice outside and you want party Parents who try to be friends with their children Difficult to maintain discipline Sociology Basics Social Statuses recognized social positions Ex Student professor Other Ex Woman man old young Black white gay straight They come with expected behaviors To the extent that we can define people s statuses we pull from our previous experience and knowledge certain expectations of their behavior It helps us hot cognition move through our social activities So in Defining our Situation we take all cues about people s social statuses into account What if you were the only person of your race ethnicity or sex gender in a classroom How would you behave Do others determine our behavior Cooley s Looking Glass Self Social Distance sharing of social statuses Shared Symbols status characteristics cues words slang style of dress attire body language facial expressions try a different reaction see what happens http www youtube com watch v Ks Mh1QhMc Amy Cuddy Your body language shapes who are you feeling powerful opened up powerless close up wrap ourselves up high and lower power if someone s being powerful we do the opposite close up related to gender o women close up o men opened up related to extent to which students were participating and how well they were participating do our bodies change our minds o Pretend to be powerful you feel powerful Our nonverbal govern how we think and feel about ourselves and our bodies change our minds the test Tiny tweaks lead to big changes For 2 minutes act powerful and it ll change your mind Micro Matters guy Funkenstein 1 theory we were all born with understanding of 4 basic emotions happy sad fear anger we understand what they look like children can smile early and they get reward how do they know that s a happy positive reward Everyone s joyous loud but calming Paul Ekman test when people are lying through facial expressions http www youtube com watch v ypqQ mJIU3M 75 expressions in less than 1 minute Darwin one of first to look at facial expressions in humans and animals looked the same amongst generations and cultures Structural Functionalist cloud picture slide 22 lecture 14 social structure interactions between media parents school dictated by overarching cultures norms values behaviors influences our