Test Review 4 Part 1 Renaissance Art Culture c 1300 1550 C E c 1300 1550 C E Art as Commodity 1 1 Art as Commodity Gold and Ultramarine Patrons and Clients PADUA PADUA Renaissance Naturalism and Renaissance 2 2 Naturalism and Giotto vs Byzantine Style Renaissance Art Renaissance Art Culture Culture FLORENCE FLORENCE In Search of Rome 3 3 In Search of Rome Brunelleschi s Ospedale degli Innocenti 1418 Alberti s Sant Andrea 1470 Humanism Humanism 1 Civic and Secular Perspective Perspective 1 Brunelleschi 2 Masaccio 3 Alberti De pictura 1435 Botticelli Between Plato and God Botticelli Between Plato and God Marsilio Ficino The Savonarola Effect VENICE VENICE Colors and Lights 8 Colors and Lights Tintoretto The Giants The Giants Leonardo Michelangelo 1 Art as Commodity Materials Gold leaf Purity and Light of Heaven Ultramarine Virgin Mary Most expensive paint available Patrons Guilds Rich Merchants Princes Commune Contracts Function Painting too important to be left to the painters Michael Baxandall The greatest contentment and the greatest pleasure because they serve the glory of God the honor of the city and the commemoration of myself Giovanni Rucellai Guild Patronage Guilds Arti Arte della Lana wool manufacturers Arte della Calimala refiners of imported woolen cloth Arte della Seta silk workers Arte della Cambio bankers and money changers Arte dei Giudici e Notai Judges and notaries Orsanmichele Florence Shrine and Grain Exchange Granary Each guild had a niche for a statue Rebirth of Classical Statuary Competition for Prestige Baptistry Doors Florence Ghiberti s Doors Calimala Merchant Patronage The Medici Patronage Political Strategy Cosimo de Medici d 1464 Public display of implicit power No official title for Cosimo Legitimacy Brunelleschi Donatello Botticelli Unorthodox geniuses PADUA PADUA Precocious Renaissance Precocious Renaissance c 1300 1375 2 Naturalism and Renaissance Pre 1300 Art 2D otherworldly Orthodox Icons Saints aren t like humans Gold Ultramarine Materials value Fresco Painting on wet plaster Quick work In Search of Rome In Search of Rome 3 3 The Revival of Roman Architecture The Revival of Roman Architecture 4 Humanism Civic Humanism Active vs Contemplative Life Secular Humanism Scholastic Humanism Dignity of Man Civic Humanism Roman Thought in Republican Florence Coluccio Salutati 1331 1406 The Active Life Cicero s De Officium Opposite of monastic contemplative life Public life is something holy and holier than idleness in solitude Florentine chancellor Republican gov Leonardo Bruni 1370 1444 Panegyric on the City of Florence 1405 Celebration of Republic over Depotism Milan Wake of Visconti War 1390s 1402 Recapture virtu of Republican Rome Secular Humanism Ad Fontem Lorenzo Valla 1407 57 On the Donation of Constantine 1440 Debunks Donation as an 8th century forgery Annotation on the New Testament 1444 Correct Jerome s Vulgate by going back to original Greek and Aramaic Pico della Mirandola 1463 94 Oration on the Dignity of Man 1493 Pristine Theology Syncretism Cabala Christianity Egypt Corpus Hermeticum Dignity Free Will Education Studia Humanitatis Guarino di Verona 1374 1460 Latin and Greek Grammar foundation of education Imitation Ethics Cicero and Seneca Classical Philosophy No disagreement with Christianity Vittorino da Feltre 1378 1446 Villa Giocosa Gonzaga Mantua Wealthy and Worthy 5 PERSPECTIVE Brunelleschi Mathematics and Perspective 1415 Vanishing Point and Horizon Masaccio Trinity 1428 Alberti De pictura 1435 Della pittura 1436 But the most beautiful But the most beautiful thing apart from the figures thing apart from the figures is the barrel vaulted ceiling is the barrel vaulted ceiling drawn in perspective and drawn in perspective and divided into square divided into square compartments containing compartments containing rosettes foreshortened and rosettes foreshortened and made to recede so skillfully made to recede so skillfully that the surface looks as if it that the surface looks as if it is indented Vasari is indented Lives 6 Botticelli Between Plato and God Sandro Botticelli d 1445 1510 The Medici Adoration of the Magi 1475 Neoplatonism Marsilio Ficino Beauty Venus Rebirth Spring Mythology pagan Platonic Academy and Lorenzo de Medici La Primavera 1482 Birth of Venus 1485 Greek Sculpture and Human Desire Celebration of base humanity Girolamo Savonarola d 1498 Moral Fanaticism Botticelli Converts 1489 Apocalyptical Themes 7 THE GIANTS Michelangelo Buonaroti 1475 1564 Leonardo da Vinci 1452 1519 Leonardo da Vinci Renaissance Man Left Handed Sinistra Wrote right to left backwards Science and Art Observation Final Authority Notebooks The Fossils Anatomy Few references to Classical or Religious authority World must have been created prior to 4004 B C E Human dissection 50 in 1508 Engineering Schematics Differential Gears Hydraulics Michelangelo Buonarroti 1475 1564 Lorenzo s Art School The Faun at age 13 1488 Medici Adoption of Michelangelo Classical Atmosphere Fears of paganism Lorenzo as Father Figure Quest for Acceptance Crushed by 1492 death Sculpture First and True Love Painting Learned fresco technique for Sistine Chapel 8 Colors and Lights Jacopo Robusti Tintoretto 1518 94 Speed and Emotion Scuola di San Rocco Great Council Chamber N e w W o r l d s N e w W o r l d s 1460s 1650 C E Technology for Exploration and Difficulties Voyages of Trade and Discovery Spain and Portugal Northern European Exploration Legacy of European Exploration Marco Polo 1254 1324 Born in Venice Traveled to Asia with his Father and Uncle at 17 24 years in Asia Favorite of Kublai Khan Travels of Marco Polo