ROMAN REPUBLICTimelineOriginsGeographySlide 5EtruscansSlide 7Slide 8Early RomeRome 500 BCERome 264 BCEStruggle of the OrdersSlide 13Philosophy in the RepublicSlide 15Slide 16Slide 17Punic WarsSecond Punic WarSocial and Cultural ChangesSlide 21Violence and RevolutionCultural Revolution of the Late RepublicRoman seating arrangementsSlide 25Caesar (100 - 44 BCE)Slide 27AssassinationSlide 29ROMAN REPUBLICApolloTimeline•509 BCE Expulsion of Etruscan monarchs•218-201 Second Punic War•149-146 Third Punic War•133-122 Land Reforms•88-83 Civil War•73-71 Slave Revolt led by Spartacus•49-44 Caesar dictator of RomeOrigins•Founding Myths–Virgil and the Aeneid–Dido–Romulus and Remus•Most likely.Geography•Relatively flat, rolling terrain•one mountain range divides Italy east/west•Rome’s location–river–road•farming/grazing to the south•urban developments to the north.Etruscans•Region north of Rome•region of cities•develop city states similar to Greece•wealthy from minerals: tin, copper, iron, gold•trade with Greece.Etruscans•Legacy to Romans–adopted Greek alphabet–organize into city state (big advantage over tribes)–adopt gods–hepatoscopy–Gladitorial contests–fasces–art.Typical method of eating - reclining on one armFunerary urnEarly Rome•Government–republic–Senators•Social order–nobles vs. plebians•Law of the Twelve Tables (450 BCE)Rome 500 BCERome 264 BCEStruggle of the Orders•Conflict between nobles and plebians•plebian leverage•consuls•plebiscites (by 287 BCE)H E A D O F S T A T EC o n s u le l e c t e dR U L E R I N T I M E O F C R I S I SD i c t a t o r1 y e a r t e r mL A W O F F I C E RP r a e t o rR E L I G I O NP o n t i f e x M a x i m u sP U B L I C M O R A L I T YC e n s o rT R E A S U R E RQ u a e s t o rP U B L I C W O R K SA e d i l eS T R U C T U R E O F R O M A N G O V E R N M E N TPhilosophy in the Republic•Conservatism–things were always better in the past–reverence for the family–paterfamiliasPhilosophy in the Republic•Religion–traditional myths–reverence for past–custom and public opinion determine “moral”–omens.Roman ship based on “traditional” designPhilosophy in the Republic•Social Values–advancement–military position necessary for advancement to public office–competition for public officeRomans placed great store in public and military servicePhilosophy in the Republic•Politics–Client-Patron status–Citizenship.Punic Wars•Fought between Italy and Carthage–why?•Second Punic War–invasion by Hannibal–battle of Cannae 216 BCE•Results–Roman control of the Mediterranean–social changes in Rome.Second Punic WarSocial and Cultural Changes•Change in society–materialism–slavery–loss of traditional family values–women gain freedom–adoption of Greek art.Social and Cultural Changes•Economic Pressures –Transformation in farming•latifundia•rise accelerated by 2nd Punic War and legislation–Provincial Governors•dishonest, squeeze for as much as possibleViolence and Revolution•Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus–want land reform to help those made homeless by war–assassinations in 133 and 121•107 Marius ends land requirement for soldiers–changes role of military forever•88 Marius and Sulla fight over generalship•82 Sulla becomes dictator.Cultural Revolution of the Late Republic•Cicero attempts rejuvenation of ancient virtues•growing rich poor gap•rise of Greek culture and individualism•foodBust of Sabina – 140 CEGetty CollectionRoman seating arrangementsCultural Revolution of the Late Republic•sexuality–husbands and wives–Bisexual Caesar jeered as “the wife of everyone and the husband of every woman”•slavery.Caesar(100 - 44 BCE)•Emerges in time of trouble–Spartacus•Triumvirate with Crassus and Pompey•campaigns in Gaul 58-50 BCE•preoccupation with war leads to weakening of political clout.Caesar(100 - 44 BCE)•Pompey and Senators declare Caesar a public enemy 50 BCE–Defies Constitution by crossing the Rubicon–49-48 defeats Pompey•Dictator for life, head of civil relgion–known as the imperator - wielder of right to command–calendar, July, colonies, reform.Assassination•Ides of March•“the end of the tyranny”Assassination•14 years of civil war and upheaval•ends with Caesars grand-nephew and adopted son gaining
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