Ottoman TurksOrigins of OttomansArt and CultureOsman (1259-1326)Slide 5Army and the MilitarySlide 7Slide 8Slide 9Conquest of Byzantine EmpireOttoman ExpansionSlide 12Mehmed II (1432-1481)Dissolution of the Ottoman EmpireDecline of Ottoman EmpireMustafa Kemal AtatürkSlide 17Questions???Ottoman Turks By: Nasreen BawazerOrigins of OttomansOrigins of Ottomans•Group of Turkish nomadic tribes that migrated from central Asia to Anatolia.•Contact with various settled peoples led to their introduction of Islam.•Created a state in Western Anatolia under Ertrugul, as part of decaying the Seljuk EmpireArt and CultureOsman (1259-1326)Osman (1259-1326)Founder of Ottoman Founder of Ottoman EmpireEmpireSucceeded his father Succeeded his father to a small territory to a small territory granted by the Seljuk granted by the Seljuk TurksTurksFollowed Gazi Followed Gazi tradition, expanding tradition, expanding and enriching his and enriching his empireempireUnder Islamic influence, the Turks got the Under Islamic influence, the Turks got the fighting tradition called Gazifighting tradition called GaziGazi warriors fought to acquire land and Gazi warriors fought to acquire land and riches in the processriches in the processArmy and the MilitaryArmy and the MilitaryAdvanced army and navyAdvanced army and navyThe Greatest military The Greatest military asset- asset- JanissariesJanissaries, paid , paid army of Christian soldiersarmy of Christian soldiersChristian captives from Christian captives from conquered territoriesconquered territoriesEducated in Islamic faith Educated in Islamic faith and trained as soldiersand trained as soldiersConquest of Byzantine EmpireConquest of Byzantine EmpireThe fall of Constantinople was the The fall of Constantinople was the conquest of the Byzantine capital by the conquest of the Byzantine capital by the Ottoman Empire in 1453 under the Ottoman Empire in 1453 under the command of Mehmed II command of Mehmed II Final destruction of Eastern Roman Final destruction of Eastern Roman EmpireEmpireDeath of Constantine XI, last Byzantine Death of Constantine XI, last Byzantine emperoremperorOttoman ExpansionOttoman Expansion Ottomans developed an empire that that took in Anatolia and Ottomans developed an empire that that took in Anatolia and increasingly lager sections of Byzantine territories in Eastern increasingly lager sections of Byzantine territories in Eastern Europe and Asia MinorEurope and Asia MinorAcquired control of the trade routes to the East and many Acquired control of the trade routes to the East and many European powersEuropean powersConquered Gallipoli in 1354 Conquered Gallipoli in 1354 At the Battle of Nicopolis in 1394,crushed a large crusading At the Battle of Nicopolis in 1394,crushed a large crusading army, taking many European leaders hostagearmy, taking many European leaders hostageTurks commanded the Black Sea and northern Aegean and Turks commanded the Black Sea and northern Aegean and many prime trade routes had been closed to European shipping many prime trade routes had been closed to European shipping An Ottoman beachhead was established at Otranto, Italy in An Ottoman beachhead was established at Otranto, Italy in 14801480In 1529, Ottomans besieged Vienna, the siege was not In 1529, Ottomans besieged Vienna, the siege was not successful and the Turks began to retreatsuccessful and the Turks began to retreatMehmed II (1432-1481)Known as “Mehmed the Conqueror”At age 21, conquered ConstantinopleDissolution of the Ottoman EmpireDissolution of the Ottoman EmpireConstantinople remained the capital of Constantinople remained the capital of Ottoman Empire until 1922Ottoman Empire until 1922Dissolved by Mustafa Kemal AtatürkDissolved by Mustafa Kemal AtatürkFormed the modern RepublicFormed the modern RepublicConstantinople officially renamed Istanbul in Constantinople officially renamed Istanbul in 19301930Decline of Ottoman EmpireDecline of Ottoman EmpireProblems of organization and government Problems of organization and government within the Ottoman Empirewithin the Ottoman EmpireThe power of janissaries often overrode a The power of janissaries often overrode a weak sultan, and military elite force weak sultan, and military elite force occasionally acted as “king makers”occasionally acted as “king makers”Frequent disputes over successionFrequent disputes over successionMustafa Kemal
View Full Document