Part 1 Test Review 3The Rise of ChristianityPowerPoint PresentationStructure of the Catholic Church1. The New MonasticismThe Poor Brothers: Franciscans and DominicansBasilica di Sant’Antonio 1238 C.E.Papacy vs. Empire 1075-1122Dictatus Papae 1075 C.E.Henry’s Revenge: The March on Rome 1085 C.E.C O M P R O M I S E: The Concordat of Worms (1122)The Outrage at Anagni (1303)3. Fortresses of GodThe Crusades 1095-1255 C.E.The Armed Pilgrimage: First Crusade 1095-1099The West in the East: The Crusader KingdomsThe Venetian Crusade: Fourth Crusade (1202-1204)The Enemy Within?The Revenge of Rome: The Medieval Inquisition 12316. Inferno: Dante, Purgatory and HellThe Rise of Christianity c.900-1378 A.D.La SerenissimaSlide 23The Sea: T R A D EThe Sea: W A RBasilica di San Marco 1094 C.E.Hagia Sophia & San Vitale: Mass MediaPart 1 Test Review 3c.900-1378 C.E.c.900-1378 C.E.The Rise of ChristianityThe Rise of ChristianityPurgatoryand Hell:Dante’s InfernoRomanesqueChurches:Fortresses of GodThe Inquisition:The Battle for SoulsCrusades:External and InternalConflictswith Kings:Clerical TaxationInvestiture1 Militant Christianity2 Monastic Superstars3 Resurgent PapacyStructure of the Catholic Church•Pope•College of Cardinals•Bishops (in charge of Dioceses)•Priests (in charge of Parish)•Laity1. The New Monasticism1.Cluny (910)2.Cistercians (1098)3.Mendicants (early 13th c.)–Franciscans–DominicansThe Poor Brothers:Franciscans and Dominicans•Apostolic Poverty–Jesus and the Apostles owned no property–Strict adherence to the letter of the New Testament•Base their Rules on the Gospels•Non-cloistered–Travel and beg for alms (mendicancy)•Preaching, Teaching and ProselytizingBasilica di Sant’Antonio1238 C.E.•Shrine to St. Anthony (d. 1231)–One of the earliest Franciscan monks–Not native Paduan – but died there!–Finder of Lost Things and Protector of Children•Built by the Commune of Padua–Religious reasons•Encourage the nascent Franciscan monastery–Commercial reasonsPapacy vs. EmpirePapacy vs. Empire 1075-1122•Investiture Controversy–Selection (“investiture”) of Bishops–Imperial government of Germany–Who is in Charge? Pope or Emperor? Who is in Charge? Pope or Emperor? •Pope Gregory VII vs. Emperor Henry IVDictatus Papae1075 C.E.Absolute Papal Absolute Papal AuthorityAuthority•12. That the [pope] may depose emperors. •19. That [the pope] himself may be judged by no one. •27. That [the [pope] may absolve subjects from oaths to “wicked men”Henry’s Revenge:The March on Rome1085 C.E.•Complete Turnaround–Gregory triumphant 1075-77•Turning Point at Canossa (1077)•The End–Gregory died in exile shortly after fleeing RomeC O M P R O M I S E:The Concordat of Worms (1122)•Pope = investiture with Ring and Staff–Bishop = Spiritual vassal of Pope–Pope selects the Bishops•Emperor = enfeof with Land–Bishop = Secular vassal of Emperor•Who “Won”?The Outrage at Anagni (1303)•Philip’s soldiers take Boniface prisoner at Anagni–“… at dawn of the vigil of the Nativity of the Blessed Mary just past, suddenly and unexpectedly there came upon Anagni a great force of armed men of the party of the King of France and of the two deposed Colonna cardinals. Arriving at the gates of Anagni and finding them open, they entered the town and at once made an assault upon the palace of the Pope…Therewith [Boniface] proclaimed in the presence of them all that as long as life was in him, he would not give up the Papacy.” (William of Hundlehy)•Death of Boniface VIII (1303)–Although released after several days, he died soon thereafter, allegedly because of the “outrage” of the event.•Furious electrical storms interrupted the funeral of Boniface…3. Fortresses of GodThe Romanesque Cathedralsc. 1000-1150 C.E.The Crusades 1095-1255 C.E.1. People’s Crusade (1095)–Mass slaughter2. First Crusade (1095-1099)–Capture Jerusalem (1099)3. Fourth Crusade (1202-1204)–Sack Constantinople4. Albigensian Crusade (1209-55)–Massacre Cathars in southern France–Expansion of Capetian territoryThe Armed Pilgrimage:First Crusade 1095-1099•Battle of Manzikert (1071)–Seljuk Turks smash Byzantine military power–Chance to heal rift of Great Schism (1054)•Council of Clermont (1095)–Pope Urban II•Who?–Young, landless nobility•Product of PRIMOGENITURE–Not royalty•Why?–Remission of SinsRemission of Sins–LANDLAND•Capture of Jerusalem (15 July 1099)–Bloody massacre of inhabitantsThe West in the East:The Crusader Kingdoms•Feudalism–Castles–Military occupation–Tenuous HoldThe Venetian Crusade:Fourth Crusade (1202-1204)•Fall of Jerusalem (1187)–Saladin•Venetian Taxi Service–Transport $$$•“pay in kind”•Siege of Zara–$$$ over Morals•Siege of Constantinople–Venice Supreme Commercial Power in Med.The Enemy Within?5. Heresy and the Medieval InquisitionThe Revenge of Rome: The Medieval Inquisition1231•Empire v. Papacy – Jurisdiction?–1220 & 1224, emperor Frederick II issued directives against heresy•Excommunicamus (1231)–Pope Gregory IX–Extermination of Heresy•Heresy = communicable disease/cancer•Save the Soul at the expense of the Body•Ad Extirpanda (1252)–Pope Innocent IV–Authorization of TORTURE•The Ends justify the Means6. Inferno:Dante, Purgatory and Hell•Dante Alighieri (1265-1321)–Florentine politico/minor nobility–Exiled in 1313 – loser in factional strife–Beatrice Portinari = The Unrequited Love (d. 1290)•La Commedia Divina (1307-1321)–Inferno, Purgatorio, Paradiso•Inferno = Hell–Clerical Abuses•Large priestly population in Hell–Hierarchy of Sin•Lust = Mildest•Treason = Gravest•Virgil = Guide–Pagan Roman Poet Moralist•Prefigures Renaissance Rediscovery and Imitation of Roman CultureThe Rise of Christianityc.900-1378 A.D.1.1.The New Monasticism The New Monasticism (910-c.1250)(910-c.1250)2.2.Papacy v. Royalty Papacy v. Royalty (1075-1303)(1075-1303)3.3.Fortresses of God – Fortresses of God – Romanesque Romanesque CathedralsCathedrals (c.1000-1150)(c.1000-1150)4.4.The Crusades The Crusades (1095-1255)(1095-1255)5.5.Heresy & the Medieval Inquisition Heresy & the Medieval Inquisition (c.1100-1500)(c.1100-1500)6.6.DanteDante’’s s InfernoInferno (1307-1321(1307-1321)La SerenissimaVenice1200-1550 A.D.La Serenissima1.Environmental Miracle–The City in Lagoon–Canals–The Grand Canal & Patricians2.The Sea–Trade–War