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NOVA HIS 101 - Early Christianity

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TimelineEARLY CHRISTIANITYOutlineI. Cultural ContextFind your horoscope:How accurate was your horoscope?Slide 7II. Influence of JudaismSlide 9Slide 10Slide 11Paul’s journeysIII. Early ChristianityChristianity ExpandsSlide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19IV. Christianity evolves: 4th CenturySlide 21Slide 22Slide 23V. Legalized ChristianityMonasteries in the west - c. 550Slide 26St. Benedict’s MonasterySlide 28Roman World ca. 450 CETimeline•~ CE 29 Crucifixion of Jesus•34-64 Missionary activity of Paul•250-260 Brutal persecution by Romans•313 Constantine tolerates Christianity•325 Council of Nicaea•391-2 Christianity becomes state religion•479 End of Western Roman Empire•529 Benedict founds monasteryEARLY CHRISTIANITYMosaic of the Good Shepherd - RavennaOutlineI. Cultural contextII. Influence of JudaismIII. Early ChristianityIV. Christianity evolves: The 4th CenturyV. Legalized ChristianityI. Cultural Context•Mystical Religion–First through Third century is time of mystical religions•holy groves, shrines, oracles, power of dreams•high initiation fees •belief in afterlife only for believers–usually have parades/ events in cities–power of astrologyFind your horoscope:How accurate was your horoscope?I. Cultural Context•Gnosticism –A powerful and prevalent belief system–easily adapted to other religions–belief that “Wisdom” (or “light”) came to earth and returned to heaven•Those who are enlightened or “chosen” will listen•Seen as a conflict between “light” and “dark”–merging Greek philosophy toward religious endsII. Influence of Judaism•Roman world–skeptical, tolerant and mystical–especially cosmopolitan•1st Century widespread Jewish beliefs–unscriptural belief in afterlife–awaiting a Messiah•The career of Jesus–Born in Judea–Preaching, healing, and teaching–Arrival in Jerusalem during Passover (30 C.E.) •Seen as foretold Messiah–Arrest•Pontius Pilate•CrucifixionII. Influence of JudaismII. Influence of Judaism•1st Century: Judeo-Christians–follow Jewish practices and add two others•love feast (agapecutpe) •Eucharist (re-enactment of Jesus’ last meal with his disciples).II. Influence of Judaism•St. Paul (c. 10–c. 67)–Converted to Christianity–Rejected Jewish law as irrelevant to salvation–Making converts among Greek-speaking Jewish communities–conversions lead to divergence from JudaismPaul’s journeysIII. Early Christianity•The appeal of Christianity–Communal aspect–Early organizational structure•Special position of women•Growth of ChristianityChristianity ExpandsIII. Early Christianity•Threat to the state–why was Christianity viewed as a threat?•Failure to accept state gods•aversion to all political/social activity•focus on otherworldly pursuits•challenging social practices•cannibalismIII. Early Christianity•Roman Reactions–persecutions•blamed as scapegoats•Nero (64 CE) incites local persecutions•Decius, Gallus and Valerian (250-260)•Diocletian (303)III. Early Christianity•Christian defense mechanisms–secret symbols–meeting places•Homes – special role and power of women•CatacombsIII. Early Christianity•Catacombs - burial societies–burial of dead–decoration.III. Early Christianity•Art work–religious themes, concepts.IV. Christianity evolves: 4th Century•Persecutions were intermittent and short-lived•By 300, 1–5 percent of total Roman population were perhaps ChristiansIV. Christianity evolves: 4th Century•Constantine and his “conversion” to Christianity–Battle of Milvian Bridge in 312–Christianity tolerated in 313 CE (Edict of Milan)–determined to gain control of Christianity as a tool to unite the Empire•new relationship with a Christian ruler•individualism in Christianity.IV. Christianity evolves: 4th Century•Council of Nicaea 325•Purpose:I. to end religious dispute over ArianismII. to define nature of relationship between imperial power and the church–church recognized Constantine’s power.IV. Christianity evolves: 4th Century•392 Theodosius I makes Christianity the official religion of Rome–persecutions continue–tolerant Roman religious view of world changes–impact on Christianity•positive•negativeV. Legalized Christianity•Legalization and state support changes Christianity•Disillusionment–Asceticism as a substitute for martyrdom–Response to increasing worldliness•common people flee society to dedicate their lives to spiritual pursuits–emergence of hermits 3rd century–communal living 4th centuryMonasteries in the west - c. 550V. Legalized Christianity•St. Benedict of Nursia (c. 480–c. 547)–The Latin or Benedictine Rule•Poverty, chastity, obedience, labor and prayer–Absolute authority of the abbot–Missionary work–Dignity of human laborSt. Benedict’s MonasteryV. Legalized Christianity The growth of ecclesiastical organization –Hierarchical organization–Distinctions of rank–The pope as bishop of Rome–Creation of a male dominated churchRoman World ca. 450


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