Final Study Guide Chapters 12 – 17 Chapter 12 Definitions - FMLA (1993): Family Medical Leave Acto Under Certain Conditions, Provides American Parents With Up to 12 Weeks of Job-Protected, Unpaid Leave in a 12-Month Periodo Leave Can Be Used Intermittently With Medical Insurance Protection For Care of a Child at Birth or Adoption or For Medical Care for Oneself or a Family Member Employee Has to Have Worked at Least 1,250 Hours in the Previous Year in a Company With 50 or More Employees - Fito Relationship Between Demands and Resources to Carry Out the Tasks in a Domain - Microsystemo Daily Interactions – Work, Family, Community - Macrosystemo Interrelationships Between Areas Work – Family Work – Community Family – Community Work – Family – Community - Relative Careo Relatives Care for the Baby Either in Home or Nearby Pro- Child Knows the Caregiver- Cheap Con- Demanding for Family- May Not Always Be Available - Equal Sharerso Could be Providing all the Daycare with Flexible Work Hourso They Could Have Child Care and Work the Same Hours Outside the Home - Alternating Shifterso Tend To Have Working Class Occupations - Nonrelative Family Day Careo Care For Infants in the Home of Nonrelative Pro- Child Only Adjusts to 1 Person Con- Often Very Expensive CDFR 3002 1st Edition- Nonrelative Center Day Careo Appropriate Care For Children, Usually Infants and Children Pro- Child Knows the Caregiver- Cheap Con- Demanding for Family- May Not Always Be Available - After-School Programso Supervised Care for Children in Elementary Grades- Self-Careo Care by the Child Pro- Instills Independence Con- Puts Child in Potential Danger Text and Lecture Concepts - Changes in Family Dynamics From Work o Increased Father Participation  Mothers Still Spend Slightly More Time At Home Fathers Still Spend More Time At Work o Increased % of Kids Living in Single Parent Homes One Parent Tries to Accomplish The Same as Two o Nature of Work Has Changed Less Skilled Jobs That Support a Family More Part-Time, Temp Work, At Nonstandard Hours o Increasing Life Spans  Introduced the Sandwich Generation - Ways to Achieve Positive Fito Decrease the Demandso Increase Resources to Meet Demands - Facts About Sandwich Generation o Caring for Children and Aging Parents  Wives Spend 9.5 Hours a Week Caring for Elderly Husbands Spend 7.5o Affects About 10-13% of Families o Wives More Likely to:  Adjust Work to Meet Family Demands- Reduce Hours- Take Paid Leave for Appointments- Report Poorer Work Performance - Single Mothers Who Work o Often Face Many Challenges  Depend on Public Transportation Spend Several Hours Getting Kids to Daycare and School o Often Rely on Several Caregivers  Older Children Often Responsible for Parenting Tasks o Strategies to Manage Time Prioritize Obligations - Health of Children Typically Comes First  Expand Resources Eliminate Obligations- May Sacrifice Own Needs (i.e., sleep, education) for Children o Community Often Does Not Support  Most Agencies Open 9-5 - Children’s Views About Parents’ Work o Overall Thought Parents Were Doing Good  Felt Loved and Appreciated Felt Like They Provided Quality Time o 3 Wishes About Parents Work:  Parents Earned More Monet  Returned From Work Less Stressed Felt Less Tired Mainly Hear Negative Things About Work o Graded Parents Less Emotionally Available Than Parents  Parents Gave Themselves A’s and B’s (90-96%)  Children Didn’t Give That Many (67-75%) o Gave Them More D’s & F’s Around Controlling Anger - Types of Daycareo Structural Measures for Daycare Amount of Teacher Training/Experience Staff Turnover- Salaries Good Indicator if Staff Will Stay  Recommended Staff Ratios - 1:3 Infants (6 Children Per Group) - 1:4 Toddlers (8 Children Per Group) - 1:7 Preschoolers (14 Children Per Group) o Process Measures  Sensitive & Responsive Interactions  Appropriate Activities - Effects of Daycare on Children o Increased Stress Vital That Parents Help Child Learn to Regulate Emotions  Often Not Provided in Daycare Centerso Some Children Experience “Double Jeopardy”  Poor Environments At Home Taken to Low Quality Day Cares High Quality Daycare Off Set the Negative Impact of Homeo Parenting Matters More Than Child Care  Parenting Strongest Predictor More Exposure to Daycare Typically Created Problems  Parents Might Try to Increase Amount of Quality Time Chapter 13 Definitions - Open Adoptiono Removes Element of Secrecy o Adopted Children Learn That Birth Parents Love Them Despite Not Being Able to Raise Themo Less Fantasy for Adopted Children o Parents Report Fewer Problems o Birth Mothers Show Better Adjustment o Adoptive Parents Report Less Fear About Losing Childo Adoptive Parents Are Better Prepared to Answer Child’s Questions Because More Informed - Transracial Adoption o Illegal to Use Race as an Obstacle to Adoption - History of Adoptiono Adopted Children Were Offspring of Single Women o Abortion Decreased Number of Children Born to Single Women Increase in International Adoptions o Social Acceptability Has Helped More Single Women Decide to Parent Their Child Instead of Placing it For Adoption  Older  Single  Gay or Lesbian  Disabled Poor- Facts/Demographics About Adoptiono Approximately 2-4% of Children in U.S. Are Adopted o Fiscal year 1999 64% Adopted By Foster Parent 20% Person With No Biological Connection  16% By a Relative o Family Structure of Adopted Children  66% Married Couple 31% Single Female 2% Single Male 1% Unmarried Couple o Adoption By Race (588,000 Kids in Foster Care, 1999)  38% African American 35% White 15% Latino 2% Native American 1% Asian/Pacific Islander- Transracial/International Adoptiono Top 5 Countries of Origin China Russia South Korea Guatemala Romaniao 1948 1st Recorded Transracial Adoption of an African American Child by Caucasian Parents in Minnesota - 4 Myths of Adoptiono Open Adoption is Too Confusing o Adopted Children are Loved Lesso Adopted Children are More Troubledo If They Know, They Will Reject… - 4 Patterns of Communication in Adoptive Families o Consensual Pattern (Warm and Open)o Pluralistic Pattern (Cool and Distant But Shared Thoughts) o Protective Pattern (Open, Expression Not Encouraged; Rigid Standards) o Laissez Faire (Nobody Spoke or