CDFR 3002 1st Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I. Parenting Elementary School Children Part 2 Outline of Current Lecture II. Puberty III. Factors Affecting Puberty IV. Other Changes During Puberty V. Changes in School VI. Gender Identity VII. Parent-Child Relationships VIII. Monitoring BehaviorIX. BullyingX. Major Tasks of Parents of Adolescents (Overview) Current Lecture- Puberty o Age At Which Sexual Reproduction is Possible Begins: 8 for Girls; 9 for Boys  Ends: End of 2nd Decade o Physical Changes  Girls: - 1st Hormonal Changes (Around Age 8-9) - Change in Height - Growth of Secondary Sexual Characteristics (Uterus and Vagina) - Menstruation  Boys: - Hormonal Changes/Secretions (Age 9-10) - Growth in Testes and Scrotum - Growth Spurt (About a Year Later)o Also Notice Growth in Penis and Facial Hair - Voice Changes Later in Puberty - Factors Affecting Puberty o Genetic Age of Mother’s Menarche is Strongest Predictor of Daughter’s These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Physical Height and Weight, Nutrition, % of Body Fat o Social Economic Stressors  Harsh Parenting & Stress from Low Income = Earlier Development  Parental Support in Preschool = Later Development  Stress Typically Lingered for Several Days - School to Family- Family to School o Psychological  Family Constellation, Parenting Behaviors, Life Stress - Girls Who Don’t Live with Biological Father at Risk for Earlier Menarche - Other Changes During Pubertyo Brain Structure  Mismatch Occurs Between Behavior Control and Emotional Changes- Highly Charged Sensation Seeking Emotional System - Slowly Developing but not yet Mature Prefrontal Cortex  Adolescents Do Not Have Strong Internal Brakes  They Need Practice in Decision-Making Skills Parents Often Need to be the Brakes o Sleep Patterns Timing of Melatonin Secretion Changes  Later Onset of Sleep  Teens Often Will Stay Up Later, Important to Maintain Routines o Emotions  Emotions are More Intense Dopamine Increases Rapidly Between Ages 10-15 Pleasurable Events are More Intense/Exciting Than Before Reward Seeking and Sensation Seeking Behaviors Increased  This Happens Before Executive Functioning is Fully Developed  As a Result Teens are at Risk for Making Impulsive Decisions - Changes in School o Middle School Timing is Significant  Students Going to Schools That Are:- Largero Competition is Greater- More Demandingo Assignments are Often Self-Directedo Grading is Based on Social Comparisons - Less Supportiveo Teachers Don’t Know Them as Well o Friendships are Changed; Less Time  Students Often Lose Interest o Incremental Theory of Ability Students Perform Better Brain is a Muscle - Gender Identity o Boys  Boys Forced to Separate from Parents too Early  Start to Mask Feelings - Look for Signs They Are Hiding Emotions - Talk to Songs about Feelings - Accept Their Emotional Schedule - Connect with Sons- Share Your Own Growing Up Experiences o Girls  Protect and Challenge Listen to Daughters Encourage Independent Thought Encourage Altruism  Help Them Avoid the Triple Bind - Feminine/Nurturant - Competitive and Successful - Perfect and Able to Meet Everyone’s Expectations - Parent-Child Relationships o When Conflict Arises, Conflicts end By: Children Follow Parents Rules/Wishes (69%)  Parents Follow Children’s Requests (18%)  Joint Discussion and Decision (13%) o Advice for Parents (Judith Smetana) Recognize That Children Accept Basic Moral/Social Values (Safety)  Desire for Personal Choice is Developmentally Appropriate  Pick Your Battles Carefully  Give Teens Opportunities to Talk, Practice Reasoning o Attempts to Control Thoughts and Feelings  Increased Feelings of Rejection  Higher Levels of Depression o Adolescent Development is About Asserting: Desire for Choice Self-Determination o Typically Don’t Challenge Parents’ Moral and Social Values About Safety But Do Challenge Rules about Family Behavior - Especially Those They Think Should be Under Their Control o Teens Only Spend ½ as much Time With Parents o Parental Support Still Crucial  Parents Cared for Them  Spent Time with Them  Talked to Them Thought They were Important  Believed in Them o Those Who Felt More Support:  More Social Competence  More Initiative  Less Depression o Families Should Schedule Specific Time to Spend Together (Family Nights)  Provide Reservoir of Good Feeling that Sustains Relationship Through Conflict  Making Time May Save Time with Future Arguments - Monitoring Behavior o Parents Who Monitor Teens Whereabouts:  Less Risky Behavior Less Drinking Less Smoking  Less Delinquent Behavior o Parents Don’t Know Because of Knowledge They Know Because Teenagers Tell Them o Lying is Seen as Wrong so They Often Omit Details More Likely with Poor Relationships o Mother’s Awareness is Especially Important During This Time - Bullying o More Than Half of 6th Graders Reported Being Bullied (57%) An Equal Amount of Boys and Girls were Bullied  Negatively Affects Those who Feel Victimized - More Depressed, More Angry, Felt Unsafe, More Lonely  Also Negatively Impacted Those who Witnessed It o By the End of 8th Grade Boys Bullied More Often  Amount of Bullying Decreased to 31% o Cyber-Bullying  1 in 3 Teenagers Experienced Some Harassment via the Internet - Major Tasks of Parents of Adolescents (Overview) o Be Single Most Important Influence in Child’s Life o Model Self Controlled, Responsible Behavior o Be Sensitive to Child’s Needs/Feelingso Monitor Activities and Behavioro Communicate about Important Topics:  Sex Drugs Discrimination o Give Children More Decision Making Powero Provide Support for Physical and Emotional Changes o Share Pleasurable