CDFR 3002 1st Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture I. Parenting Children From Birth to 2Outline of Current Lecture II. Major Task III. Physical and Neurophysiological DevelopmentIV. Intellectual Development V. Language Development VI. Emotional Development VII. Aggressiveness VIII. Gender RolesIX. Peer Relationships X. Sleeping and Nightmares XI. Sibling Rivalry XII. Authority StageXIII. Major Tasks of Parenting (Overview) Current Lecture- Major Task o A Major Task of This Stage: Help Prepare Children for the Transition to School and Learning Outside the Home - Physical and Neurophysiological Development o Ages 2-5  Compared With Adults, a 3 Year Olds Brain: - Has Twice as Many Synapses (Connections Among Brain Cells) - Is 2.5 Times More Active- Has More Neurotransmitters (Chemicals That Transmit Information) o Brain Is “Pruned” During Puberty - Intellectual Development o Increased Attention Span o Increased Memory o Children Ask As Many As 70-90 Questions An Hour Many Begin With “Why” o Mastery Motivation  A Strong Desire To Investigate Objects and Problems and Achieve Mastery of Them - Persist with Challenging Tasks and Take Pride in Solving Problems - Most Likely to Develop When Parents Are: o Warm These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Encouraging o Open in Conversation - Language Development o 50 Words at 18 Months o 10,000 Words at Age 6 Learn on Average 5.5 Words a Day o Transition From 2 Word Sentences to Complex Sentences with Clauseso Parents Increase Vocabulary/Intellectual Performance By:  Talk a Lot With Their Children  Refer to Many Topics Use a Variety of Words and Ask Questions Give Children Positive Feedback o Verbal Skills in Preschool Predict Verbal IQ and Reading Skills in 3rd Grade - Emotional Development o Self-Evaluative Emotions Begin to Develop  Guilt, Shame, and Prideo Self-Conscious  Do Not Want To Stand Out From Others o Orientation: Global Performance vs. Specific Learning  Global Performance: Failure and Success Reflect Their Value As a Person - Feel Good When Succeed; Bad When They Fail- If They Fail They Avoid the Activity (I Can’t Draw)  Specific Learning: - Success or Failure is a Single Action That Did Or Did Not Succeed - Failure Means They Need More Practice/Information - They Believe They Can Learn With Greater Effort or New Strategies - Aggressiveness o Highly Aggressive  Mothers - Single - Depressed - Low Income- Limited Education - Less Sensitive - Less Stimulating - Less Responsive o Nonaggressive (70%)  Mothers - Provided Emotional Support- Few Stressors - Educated - Psychologically Stable- Responsive and Warm - Gender Roleso Mother Typically Involved In:- More Caregiving Activities - More Nurturing Activities  Gender Differences - More Responsive To Irritable Sons- Talk More to Daughters o Father Direct Assertive  Play - More Boisterous, Assertive, Aggressive, Noncompliant - Peer Relationships o Play is a Way For Children to Learn Skills  Watch Play Alongside Talking to Children Who Are Playing  Enter Play o Play in Gender-Segregated Groups o Gain a More Mature Understanding of Social Behavior Try Out A Variety of Roles o Fight With Friends - Sleeping and Nightmares o Children 2-5 Need Between 11-12 Hours of Sleep a Night 10-30% Are Sleep Deprived o Night Fears Often a Child’s Way of Dealing with Anxieties About Life o Nightmares Peak at 4-5 and Again at 9-11  Happens During Light REM  Awaken the Child Completely o Night Terrors  Often Still Asleep/Happen Shortly After Bed  Parents Should Let the Child Remain Asleep  Shouldn’t Bring it to Child’s Attention - Sibling Rivalry o Reduce Jealousy  Each Child is Unique  Each Child is Important  Do Not Compare Children  Do Not Use One Child’s Behavior to Humiliate the Other  Treat All Children the Same - Misbehavior Involves All Children - Authority Stageo Families Report Higher Levels of Conflict  Fathers More Actively Involved; More Opportunities for Conflict  Parents Teaching Basic Values - Parents May Disagree About Basic Values  Children Have Strong Emotions and Want Their Way o 2/3 of Parents Reported Needing Better Control of Their Temper - Major Tasks of Parenting (Overview) o Be Sensitive and Responsive o Help Children Learn Rules and Regulate Behavior o Help Children Manage Frustration o Stimulate Growth Through Books, Play, and Activities o Coach Children to Work Through Difficulties o Provide Companionship o Access Neighborhood Services  If Not Available, Advocate For More